Khan, P.Y., Glynn, J.R., Fielding, K.L., Mzembe, T., Mulawa, D., Chiumya, R., Fine, P.E.M., Koole, O., Kranzer, K. and Crampin, A.C. (2016) Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in 2–4 year olds in a rural HIV-prevalent setting. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 20(3), pp. 342-349. (doi: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0672) (PMID:27046715) (PMCID:PMC4743681)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children acts as a sentinel for infectious tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors associated with tuberculous infection in pre-school children. METHOD: We conducted a population-wide tuberculin skin test (TST) survey from January to December 2012 in Malawi. All children aged 2–4 years residing in a demographic surveillance area were eligible. Detailed demographic data, including adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and clinical and sociodemographic data on all diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients were available. RESULTS: The prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection was 1.1% using a TST induration cut-off of 15 mm (estimated annual risk of infection of 0.3%). The main identifiable risk factors were maternal HIV infection at birth (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.6, 95%CI 1.1–12.2), having three or more adult members in the household over a lifetime (aOR 2.4, 95%CI 1.2–4.8) and living in close proximity to a known case of infectious TB (aOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1–2.4), modelled as a linear variable across categories (>200 m, 100–200 m, <100 m, within household). Less than 20% of the infected children lived within 200 m of a known diagnosed case. CONCLUSION: Household and community risk factors identified do not explain the majority of M. tuberculosis infections in children in our setting.
Item Type: | Articles |
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Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Crampin, Professor Mia |
Authors: | Khan, P.Y., Glynn, J.R., Fielding, K.L., Mzembe, T., Mulawa, D., Chiumya, R., Fine, P.E.M., Koole, O., Kranzer, K., and Crampin, A.C. |
College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Public Health |
Journal Name: | International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease |
Publisher: | International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease |
ISSN: | 1027-3719 |
ISSN (Online): | 1815-7920 |
Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2016 Khan et al. |
First Published: | First published in International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 20(3):342-349 |
Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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