Halo, J. V., Pendleton, A. L., Jarosz, A. S., Gifford, R. J. , Day, M. L. and Kidd, J. M. (2019) Origin and recent expansion of an endogenous gammaretroviral lineage in domestic and wild canids. Retrovirology, 16, 6. (doi: 10.1186/s12977-019-0468-z) (PMID:30845962) (PMCID:PMC6407205)
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Abstract
Background: Vertebrate genomes contain a record of retroviruses that invaded the germlines of ancestral hosts and are passed to offspring as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs can impact host function since they contain the necessary sequences for expression within the host. Dogs are an important system for the study of disease and evolution, yet no substantiated reports of infectious retroviruses in dogs exist. Here, we utilized Illumina whole genome sequence data to assess the origin and evolution of a recently active gammaretroviral lineage in domestic and wild canids. Results: We identified numerous recently integrated loci of a canid-specific ERV-Fc sublineage within Canis, including 58 insertions that were absent from the reference assembly. Insertions were found throughout the dog genome including within and near gene models. By comparison of orthologous occupied sites, we characterized element prevalence across 332 genomes including all nine extant canid species, revealing evolutionary patterns of ERV-Fc segregation among species as well as subpopulations. Conclusions: Sequence analysis revealed common disruptive mutations, suggesting a predominant form of ERV-Fc spread by trans complementation of defective proviruses. ERV-Fc activity included multiple circulating variants that infected canid ancestors from the last 20 million to within 1.6 million years, with recent bursts of germline invasion in the sublineage leading to wolves and dogs.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | This work was supported in part by a National Institutes of Health Academic Research Enhancement Award R15GM122028 to JVH, National Institutes of Health Grant R01GM103961 to JMK, National Institutes of Health Training Fellowship T32HG00040 to ALP, and UK Medical Research Council MC_UU_12014/10 to RJG. |
| Keywords: | Canidae, canine, endogenous retrovirus, insertional polymorphism, retrovirus. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Gifford, Dr Robert |
| Authors: | Halo, J. V., Pendleton, A. L., Jarosz, A. S., Gifford, R. J., Day, M. L., and Kidd, J. M. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | Retrovirology |
| Publisher: | BioMed Central |
| ISSN: | 1742-4690 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1742-4690 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2019 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Retrovirology 16: 6 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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