Transmission ecology of canine parvovirus in a multi-host, multi-pathogen system

Behdenna, A. et al. (2019) Transmission ecology of canine parvovirus in a multi-host, multi-pathogen system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 286, 20182772. (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2772) (PMID:30914008) (PMCID:PMC6452066)

Abstract

Understanding multi-host pathogen maintenance and transmission dynamics is critical for disease control. However, transmission dynamics remain enigmatic largely because they are difficult to observe directly, particularly in wildlife. Here, we investigate the transmission dynamics of canine parvovirus (CPV) using state-space modelling of 20-years of CPV serology data from domestic dogs and African lions in the Serengeti ecosystem. We show that, although vaccination reduces the probability of infection in dogs, and despite indirect enhancement of population seropositivity as a result of vaccine shedding, the vaccination coverage achieved has been insufficient to prevent CPV from becoming widespread. CPV is maintained by the dog population and has become endemic with ~3.5-year cycles and prevalence reaching ~80%. While the estimated prevalence in lions is lower, peaks of infection consistently follow those in dogs. Dogs exposed to CPV are also more likely to become infected with a second multihost pathogen, canine distemper virus. However, vaccination can weaken this coupling raising questions about the value of monovalent versus polyvalent vaccines against these two pathogens. Our findings highlight the need to consider both pathogen- and host-level community interactions when seeking to understand the dynamics of multi-host pathogens and their implications for conservation, disease surveillance and control programmes.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Czupryna, Dr Anna and Lankester, Dr Felix and Halliday, Dr Jo and Haydon, Professor Daniel and Behdenna, Mr Abdelkader and Willett, Professor Brian and Hopcraft, Professor Grant and Lembo, Dr Tiziana and Viana, Dr Mafalda and Cleaveland, Professor Sarah and Sutton, Professor David and Hampson, Professor Katie and Craft, Dr Meggan and Calatayud Martinez, Olga
• Authors: Behdenna, A., Lembo, T., Calatayud Martinez, O., Cleaveland, S., Halliday, J. E.B., Packer, C., Lankester, F., Hampson, K., Craft, M. E., Czupryna, A., Dobson, A. P., Dubovi, E. J., Eblate, E., Fyumagwa, R., Hopcraft, J. G. C., Mentzel, C., Mzimbiri, I., Sutton, D., Willett, B., Haydon, D. T., and Viana, M.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research
• Journal Name: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences
• Publisher: The Royal Society
• ISSN: 0962-8452
• ISSN (Online): 1471-2954
• Published Online: 27 March 2019
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2019 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences 286:20182772
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

Project Code	Award No	Project Name	Principal Investigator	Funder's Name	Funder Ref	Lead Dept
67839	1	From observation to intervention: overcoming weak data with new approaches to complex biological problems	Daniel Haydon	Leverhulme Trust (LEVERHUL)	RPG-2015-259	RI BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH & COMPMED
70918	1	Ecology of insecticide resistant vectors: consequences for the effectiveness of malaria control strategies	Mafalda Viana	Medical Research Council (MRC)	MR/N015320/1	RI BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH & COMPMED