Crampin, A.C. , Glynn, J.R., Floyd, S., Malema, S.S., Mwinuka, V.K., Ngwira, B.M.M., Mwaungulu, F.D., Warndorff, D.K. and Fine, P.E.M. (2004) Tuberculosis and gender: exploring the patterns in case control study in Malawi. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 8(2), pp. 194-203. (PMID:15139448)
Full text not currently available from Enlighten.
Publisher's URL: https://www.theunion.org/what-we-do/journals/ijtld
Abstract
Background: In many populations there is an excess of tuberculosis in young women and older men. We explored possible explanations for these patterns, concentrating on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, pregnancy, smoking, cooking smoke exposure, contact with tuberculosis cases within the household or outside, and gender differences in health service usage and diagnostic delay. Design: Case control study in Karonga District, Malawi. Methods: Cases were new tuberculosis patients with bacteriological or histological evidence of tuberculosis. Controls were selected in the community using field-based random sampling. Results: The study included 598 tuberculosis cases and 992 controls, with an excess of tuberculosis in young females and older males. This was more marked in HIV-positive individuals. HIV infection was a similarly strong risk factor for tuberculosis in both men and women. Tuberculosis was associated with having a family or household contact with tuberculosis for both men and women. For women, but not men, contacts outside the close family and household were also a risk factor for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was not associated with current or recent pregnancy, or with smoking or smoke exposure. There were no differences between men and women in health service usage or delay. Conclusions: In this population, HIV infection and contacts with known tuberculosis patients are important determinants of the gender distribution of cases.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Until 1996, the Karonga Prevention Study was funded primarily by LEPRA (The British Leprosy Relief Association) and ILEP (The International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Organizations), with contributions from the WHO/UNDP/World Bank Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Since 1996, the Wellcome Trust has been the principal funder. JRG was supported in part by the British Department for International Development, and is now funded by the Department of Health (Public Health Career Scientist award). |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Crampin, Professor Mia |
| Authors: | Crampin, A.C., Glynn, J.R., Floyd, S., Malema, S.S., Mwinuka, V.K., Ngwira, B.M.M., Mwaungulu, F.D., Warndorff, D.K., and Fine, P.E.M. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Public Health |
| Journal Name: | International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease |
| Publisher: | International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease |
| ISSN: | 1027-3719 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1815-7920 |
University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record
Deposit and Record Details
Deposit and Record Details