The effects of high HIV prevalence on orphanhood and living arrangements of children in Malawi, Tanzania, and South Africa

Hosegood, V., Floyd, S., Marston, M., Hill, C., McGrath, N., Isingo, R., Crampin, A. and Zaba, B. (2007) The effects of high HIV prevalence on orphanhood and living arrangements of children in Malawi, Tanzania, and South Africa. Population Studies, 61(3), pp. 327-336. (doi: 10.1080/00324720701524292) (PMID:17979006) (PMCID:PMC2216069)

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Abstract

Using longitudinal data from three demographic surveillance systems (DSS) and a retrospective cohort study, we estimate levels and trends in the prevalence and incidence of orphanhood in South Africa, Tanzania, and Malawi in the period 1988–2004. The prevalence of maternal, paternal, and double orphans rose in all three populations. In South Africa—where the HIV epidemic started later, has been very severe, and has not yet stabilized—the incidence of orphanhood among children is double that of the other populations. The living arrangements of children vary considerably between the populations, particularly in relation to fathers. Patterns of marriage, migration, and adult mortality influence the living and care arrangements of orphans and non-orphans. DSS data provide new insights into the impact of adult mortality on children, challenging several widely held assumptions. For example, we find no evidence that the prevalence of child-headed households is significant or has increased in the three study areas.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:Hlabisa-DSS: this work was supported by the Wellcome Trust UK through grants to ACDIS (#65377), the Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies (#50534), and Timæus/Hosegood (#61145). The Africa Centre is part of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Karonga Prevention Study: the Wellcome Trust is the principal funder. Additional support is given by LEPRA (The British Leprosy Relief Association) and ILEP (The International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Organizations), and WHO/UNDP/World Bank Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Kisesa-DSS: the TANESA project was funded by the Minister of Development Cooperation of the Netherlands. The Tanzanian National Institute for Medical Research, which runs the current study, is primarily funded by the Tanzanian government, with additional grants from DFID and UNICEF.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Crampin, Professor Mia
Authors: Hosegood, V., Floyd, S., Marston, M., Hill, C., McGrath, N., Isingo, R., Crampin, A., and Zaba, B.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Public Health
Journal Name:Population Studies
Publisher:Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
ISSN:0032-4728
ISSN (Online):1477-4747
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2007 Victoria Hosegood, Sian Floyd, Milly Marston, Caterina Hill, Nuala McGrath, Raphael Isingo, Amelia Crampin and Basia Zaba.
First Published:First published in Population Studies 61:327-336
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons license

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