Zhu, H. et al. (2019) Absence of adaptive evolution is the main barrier against influenza emergence in horses in Asia despite frequent virus interspecies transmission from wild birds. PLoS Pathogens, 15(2), e1007531. (doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007531) (PMID:30731004) (PMCID:PMC6366691)
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Abstract
Virus ecology and evolution play a central role in disease emergence. However, their relative roles will vary depending on the viruses and ecosystems involved. We combined field studies, phylogenetics and experimental infections to document with unprecedented detail the stages that precede initial outbreaks during viral emergence in nature. Using serological surveys we showed that in the absence of large-scale outbreaks, horses in Mongolia are routinely exposed to and infected by avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulating among wild birds. Some of those AIVs are genetically related to an avian-origin virus that caused an epizootic in horses in 1989. Experimental infections showed that most AIVs replicate in the equine respiratory tract without causing lesions, explaining the absence of outbreaks of disease. Our results show that AIVs infect horses but do not spread, or they infect and spread but do not cause disease. Thus, the failure of AIVs to evolve greater transmissibility and to cause disease in horses is in this case the main barrier preventing disease emergence.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Zhu, Henan and Gilbert, Martin and Amat, Mr Julien and Crispell, JOANNA and Hughes, Dr Joseph and Parr, Dr Yasmin and Marshall, Dr John and Patrono, Miss Livia and Murcia, Professor Pablo and Gonzalez, Ms Gaelle |
| Creator Roles: | Zhu, H.Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review and editing Gonzalez, G.Investigation, Writing – review and editing Patrono, L. V.Investigation, Writing – review and editing Amat, J. A.R.Formal analysis, Writing – review and editing Crispell, J.Investigation, Writing – review and editing Parr, Y. A.Investigation, Writing – review and editing Marshall, J. F.Investigation, Writing – review and editing Hughes, J.Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review and editing Gilbert, M.Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review and editing Murcia, P. R.Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing |
| Authors: | Zhu, H., Damdinjav, B., Gonzalez, G., Patrono, L. V., Ramirez-Mendoza, H., Amat, J. A.R., Crispell, J., Parr, Y. A., Hammond, T.-a., Shiilegdamba, E., Leung, Y.H. C., Peiris, M., Marshall, J. F., Hughes, J., Gilbert, M., and Murcia, P. R. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
| ISSN: | 1553-7366 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1553-7374 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2019 Zhu et al. |
| First Published: | First published in PLoS Pathogens 15(2): e1007531 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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