The Past, Present, and Future of Gaze-enabled Handheld Mobile Devices: Survey and Lessons Learned

Khamis, M. , Alt, F. and Bulling, A. (2018) The Past, Present, and Future of Gaze-enabled Handheld Mobile Devices: Survey and Lessons Learned. In: 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (MobileHCI '18), Barcelona, Spain, 03-06 Sep 2018, p. 38. ISBN 9781450358989 (doi: 10.1145/3229434.3229452)

Abstract

While first-generation mobile gaze interfaces required special-purpose hardware, recent advances in computational gaze estimation and the availability of sensor-rich and powerful devices is finally fulfilling the promise of pervasive eye tracking and eye-based interaction on off-the-shelf mobile devices. This work provides the first holistic view on the past, present, and future of eye tracking on handheld mobile devices. To this end, we discuss how research developed from building hardware prototypes, to accurate gaze estimation on unmodified smartphones and tablets. We then discuss implications by laying out 1) novel opportunities, including pervasive advertising and conducting in-the-wild eye tracking studies on handhelds, and 2) new challenges that require further research, such as visibility of the user's eyes, lighting conditions, and privacy implications. We discuss how these developments shape MobileHCI research in the future, possibly the next 20 years.

• Item Type: Conference Proceedings
• Keywords: Eye tracking, gaze estimation, gaze interaction, mobile devices, smartphones, tablets.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Khamis, Dr Mohamed
• Authors: Khamis, M., Alt, F., and Bulling, A.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Computing Science
• Publisher: ACM
• ISBN: 9781450358989
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2018 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services: 38
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy