Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in milk samples by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: Optimisation and evaluation of a high-throughput screening method with potential for disease surveillance

Armson, B., Mioulet, V., Doel, C., Madi, M., Parida, S., Lemire, K. A., Holder, D. J., Das, A., McIntosh, M. T. and King, D. P. (2018) Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in milk samples by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: Optimisation and evaluation of a high-throughput screening method with potential for disease surveillance. Veterinary Microbiology, 223, pp. 189-194. (doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.024) (PMID:30173746) (PMCID:PMC6127443)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the utility of milk as a non-invasive sample type for the surveillance of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hooved animals. Four milking Jersey cows were infected via direct-contact with two non-milking Jersey cows that had been previously inoculated with FMD virus (FMDV: isolate O/UKG/34/2001). Milk and blood were collected throughout the course of infection to compare two high-throughput real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) protocols with different RT-PCR chemistries. Using both methods, FMDV was detected in milk by rRT-PCR one to two days before the presentation of characteristic foot lesions, similar to detection by virus isolation. Furthermore, rRT-PCR detection from milk was extended, up to 28 days post contact (dpc), compared to detection by virus isolation (up to 14 dpc). Additionally, the detection of FMDV in milk by rRT-PCR was possible for 18 days longer than detection by the same method in serum samples. FMDV was also detected with both rRT-PCR methods in milk samples collected during the UK 2007 outbreak. Dilution studies were undertaken using milk from the field and experimentally-infected animals, where for one sample it was possible to detect FMDV at 10 . Based on the peak C values detected in this study, these findings indicate that it could be possible to identify one acutely-infected milking cow in a typical-sized dairy herd (100-1000 individuals) using milk from bulk tanks or milk tankers. These results motivate further studies using milk in FMD-endemic countries for FMD surveillance.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This study was funded by the Foreign Animal Zoonotic Disease Center (FAZD, now Institute for Infectious Animal Diseases), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (SE1127 and SE1129), and the USDA by interagency agreement with the Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security under Award Number HSHQDC-11-X-00191. BA was funded through a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) CASE studentship 1646343.
• Keywords: Foot-and-mouth disease virus, milk, real-time RT-PCR, surveillance.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Mioulet, Dr Valerie and King, Dr Donald and Parida, Professor Satya and Armson, Bryony
• Authors: Armson, B., Mioulet, V., Doel, C., Madi, M., Parida, S., Lemire, K. A., Holder, D. J., Das, A., McIntosh, M. T., and King, D. P.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
• Journal Name: Veterinary Microbiology
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0378-1135
• ISSN (Online): 1873-2542
• Published Online: 29 July 2018
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2018 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Veterinary Microbiology 223:189-194
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License