Rastrelli, G. et al. (2015) Development of and recovery from secondary hypogonadism in aging Men: Prospective results from the EMAS. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 100(8), pp. 3172-3182. (doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-1571) (PMID:26000545)
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Abstract
Context: Secondary hypogonadism is common in aging men; its natural history and predisposing factors are unclear. Objectives: The objectives were 1) to identify factors that predispose eugonadal men (T ≥ 10.5 nmol/L) to develop biochemical secondary hypogonadism (T < 10.5 nmol/L; LH ≤ 9.4 U/L) and secondary hypogonadal men to recover to eugonadism; and 2) to characterize clinical features associated with these transitions. Design: The study was designed as a prospective observational general population cohort survey. Setting: The setting was clinical research centers. Participants: The participants were 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40–79 years in eight European centers. Intervention: Interventions included observational follow-up of 4.3 years. Main Outcome Measure: Subjects were categorized according to change/no change in biochemical gonadal status during follow-up as follows: persistent eugonadal (n = 1909), incident secondary hypogonadal (n = 140), persistent secondary hypogonadal (n = 123), and recovered from secondary hypogonadism to eugonadism (n = 96). Baseline predictors and changes in clinical features associated with incident secondary hypogonadism and recovery from secondary hypogonadism were analyzed by regression models. Results: The incidence of secondary hypogonadism was 155.9/10 000/year, whereas 42.9% of men with secondary hypogonadism recovered to eugonadism. Incident secondary hypogonadism was predicted by obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2; odds ratio [OR] = 2.86 [95% confidence interval, 1.67; 4.90]; P < .0001), weight gain (OR = 1.79 [1.15; 2.80]; P = .011), and increased waist circumference (OR = 1.73 [1.07; 2.81], P = .026; and OR = 2.64 [1.66; 4.21], P < .0001, for waist circumference 94–102 and ≥102 cm, respectively). Incident secondary hypogonadal men experienced new/worsening sexual symptoms (low libido, erectile dysfunction, and infrequent spontaneous erections). Recovery from secondary hypogonadism was predicted by nonobesity (OR = 2.28 [1.21; 4.31]; P = .011), weight loss (OR = 2.24 [1.04; 4.85]; P = .042), normal waist circumference (OR = 1.93 [1.01; 3.70]; P = .048), younger age (< 60 y; OR = 2.32 [1.12; 4.82]; P = .024), and higher education (OR = 2.11 [1.05; 4.26]; P = .037), but symptoms did not show significant concurrent improvement. Conclusion: Obesity-related metabolic and lifestyle factors predispose older men to the development of secondary hypogonadism, which is frequently reversible with weight loss.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Lean, Professor Michael |
| Authors: | Rastrelli, G., Carter, E. L., Ahern, T., Finn, J. D., Antonio, L., O'Neill, T. W., Bartfai, G., Casanueva, F. F., Forti, G., Keevil, B., Maggi, M., Giwercman, A., Han, T. S., Huhtaniemi, I. T., Kula, K., Lean, M. E.J., Pendleton, N., Punab, M., Vanderschueren, D., and Wu, F. C.W. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing |
| Journal Name: | Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
| ISSN: | 0021-972X |
| ISSN (Online): | 1945-7197 |
| Published Online: | 22 May 2015 |
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