Risk factors for prognosis in patients with severely decreased GFR

Evans, M. et al. (2018) Risk factors for prognosis in patients with severely decreased GFR. Kidney International Reports, 3(3), pp. 625-637. (doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.01.002) (PMID:29854970) (PMCID:PMC5976849)

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 ml/min/1.73m2 (corresponding to CKD stage G4+) comprise a minority of the overall CKD population but have the highest risk for adverse outcomes. Many CKD G4+ patients are older with multiple comorbidities, which may distort associations between risk factors and clinical outcomes. Methods: We undertook a meta-analysis of risk factors for kidney failure treated with kidney replacement therapy (KRT), cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and death in participants with CKD G4+ from 28 cohorts (n=185,024) across the world who were part of the CKD Prognosis Consortium. Results: In the fully adjusted meta-analysis, risk factors associated with KRT were time-varying CVD, male sex, black race, diabetes, lower eGFR, and higher albuminuria and systolic blood pressure. Age was associated with a lower risk of KRT (adjusted HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.80) overall, and also in the subgroup of individuals below 65 years of age. The risk factors for CVD events included male sex, history of CVD, diabetes, lower eGFR, higher albuminuria, and the onset of KRT. Systolic blood pressure showed a U-shaped association with CVD events. Risk factors for mortality were similar to those for CVD events but also included smoking. Most risk factors had qualitatively consistent associations across cohorts. Conclusion: Traditional CVD risk factors are of prognostic value in individuals with an eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73m2, although the risk estimates vary for kidney and CVD outcomes. These results should encourage interventional studies on correcting risk factors in this high-risk population.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This project was funded by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Foundation. The CKD-PC Data Coordinating Center is funded in part by a program grant from the US National Kidney Foundation, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Foundation, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK100446-01).
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Mark, Professor Patrick
• Authors: Evans, M., Grams, M., Sang, Y., Astor, B. C., Blankestijn, P. J., Brunskill, N. J., Collins, J. F., Kalra, P. A., Kovesdy, C. P., Levin, A., Mark, P. B., Moranne, O., Rao, P., Rios, P. G., Schneider, M. P., Shalev, V., Zhang, H., Chang, A. R., Gansevoort, R. T., Matsushita, K., Zhang, L., Eckardt, K.-U., Hemmelgarn, B., and Wheeler, D. C.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
• Journal Name: Kidney International Reports
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 2468-0249
• Published Online: 11 January 2018
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2018 International Society of Nephrology
• First Published: First published in Kidney International Reports 3(3): 625-637
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License