Böhm, M., Komajda, M., Borer, J. S., Ford, I. , Maack, C., Tavazzi, L., Moyne, A. and Swedberg, K. (2018) Duration of chronic heart failure affects outcomes with preserved effects of heart rate reduction with ivabradine: findings from SHIFT. European Journal of Heart Failure, 20(2), pp. 373-381. (doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1021) (PMID:29027329)
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Abstract
Aims: In heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and sinus rhythm, heart rate reduction with ivabradine reduces the composite incidence of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. Methods and results: It is unclear whether the duration of HF prior to therapy independently affects outcomes and whether it modifies the effect of heart rate reduction. In SHIFT, 6505 patients with chronic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤35%), in sinus rhythm, heart rate of ≥70 b.p.m., treated with guideline-recommended therapies, were randomized to placebo or ivabradine. Outcomes and the treatment effect of ivabradine in patients with different durations of HF were examined. Prior to randomization, 1416 ivabradine and 1459 placebo patients had HF duration of ≥4 weeks and <1.5 years; 836 ivabradine and 806 placebo patients had HF duration of 1.5 years to <4 years, and 989 ivabradine and 999 placebo patients had HF duration of ≥4 years. Patients with longer duration of HF were older (62.5 years vs. 59.0 years; P < 0.0001), had more severe disease (New York Heart Association classes III/IV in 56% vs. 44.9%; P < 0.0001) and greater incidences of co-morbidities [myocardial infarction: 62.9% vs. 49.4% (P < 0.0001); renal dysfunction: 31.5% vs. 21.5% (P < 0.0001); peripheral artery disease: 7.0% vs. 4.8% (P < 0.0001)] compared with patients with a more recent diagnosis. After adjustments, longer HF duration was independently associated with poorer outcome. Effects of ivabradine were independent of HF duration. Conclusions: Duration of HF predicts outcome independently of risk indicators such as higher age, greater severity and more co-morbidities. Heart rate reduction with ivabradine improved outcomes independently of HF duration. Thus, HF treatments should be initiated early and it is important to characterize HF populations according to the chronicity of HF in future trials.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Ford, Professor Ian |
| Authors: | Böhm, M., Komajda, M., Borer, J. S., Ford, I., Maack, C., Tavazzi, L., Moyne, A., and Swedberg, K. |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Robertson Centre |
| Journal Name: | European Journal of Heart Failure |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| ISSN: | 1388-9842 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1879-0844 |
| Published Online: | 12 October 2017 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2017 The Authors and European Society of Cardiology |
| First Published: | First published in European Journal of Heart Failure 20(2):373-381 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy |
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