Hemoglobin and change in hemoglobin status predict mortality, cardiovascular events and bleeding in stable coronary artery disease

Kalra, P. R. et al. (2017) Hemoglobin and change in hemoglobin status predict mortality, cardiovascular events and bleeding in stable coronary artery disease. American Journal of Medicine, 130(6), pp. 720-730. (doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.002) (PMID:28109968)

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Abstract

Background: Anemia is a predictor of adverse outcomes in acute myocardial infarction. We studied the relationship of hemoglobin, or its change over time, and outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods: CLARIFY is a prospective, cohort study of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (32,901 in 45 countries 2009-2010); 21,829 with baseline hemoglobin levels. They were divided into hemoglobin quintiles and anemia status (anemic [A] or normal [N]) at baseline/follow-up: N/N; A/N; N/A; A/A. All-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and major bleeding at 4-year follow-up were assessed. Results: Low baseline hemoglobin was an independent predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality, the composite of cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction or stroke and major bleeds (all P <.001; unadjusted models). Anemia at follow-up was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-2.33 for A/A; 1.87; 1.54-2.28 for N/A; both P <.001), noncardiovascular mortality (P <.001), and cardiovascular mortality (P = .001). Patients whose baseline anemia normalized (A/N) were not at increased risk of death (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.77-1.35), although risk of major bleeding was greater (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.23-3.44; P = .013) than in those with normal hemoglobin throughout. Sensitivity analyses excluding patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease at baseline yielded qualitatively similar results. Conclusion: In this large stable coronary artery disease population, low hemoglobin was an independent predictor of mortality, cardiovascular events, and major bleeds. Persisting or new-onset anemia is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Greenlaw, Miss Nicola and Ford, Professor Ian
Authors: Kalra, P. R., Greenlaw, N., Ferrari, R., Ford, I., Tardif, J.-C., Tendera, M., Reid, C. M., Danchin, N., Stepinska, J., Steg, P. G., and Fox, K. M.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Robertson Centre
Journal Name:American Journal of Medicine
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0002-9343
ISSN (Online):1555-7162
Published Online:19 January 2017
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
First Published:First published in American Journal of Medicine 130(6):720-730
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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