Distinct phosphorylation sites on the ghrelin receptor, GHSR1a, establish a code that determines the functions of ß-arrestins

Bouzo-Lorenzo, M., Santo-Zas, I., Lodeiro, M., Nogueiras, R., Casanueva, F. F., Castro, M., Pazos, Y., Tobin, A. B. , Butcher, A. J. and Camiña, J. P. (2016) Distinct phosphorylation sites on the ghrelin receptor, GHSR1a, establish a code that determines the functions of ß-arrestins. Scientific Reports, 6, p. 22495. (doi: 10.1038/srep22495) (PMID:26935831) (PMCID:PMC4776146)

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Abstract

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHSR1a, mediates the biological activities of ghrelin, which includes the secretion of growth hormone, as well as the stimulation of appetite, food intake and maintenance of energy homeostasis. Mapping phosphorylation sites on GHSR1a and knowledge of how these sites control specific functional consequences unlocks new strategies for the development of therapeutic agents targeting individual functions. Herein, we have identified the phosphorylation of different sets of sites within GHSR1a which engender distinct functionality of ß-arrestins. More specifically, the Ser362, Ser363 and Thr366 residues at the carboxyl-terminal tail were primarily responsible for ß-arrestin 1 and 2 binding, internalization and ß-arrestin-mediated proliferation and adipogenesis. The Thr350 and Ser349 are not necessary for ß-arrestin recruitment, but are involved in the stabilization of the GHSR1a-ß-arrestin complex in a manner that determines the ultimate cellular consequences of ß-arrestin signaling. We further demonstrated that the mitogenic and adipogenic effect of ghrelin were mainly dependent on the ß-arrestin bound to the phosphorylated GHSR1a. In contrast, the ghrelin function on GH secretion was entirely mediated by G protein signaling. Our data is consistent with the hypothesis that the phosphorylation pattern on the C terminus of GHSR1a determines the signaling and physiological output.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Tobin, Andrew
Authors: Bouzo-Lorenzo, M., Santo-Zas, I., Lodeiro, M., Nogueiras, R., Casanueva, F. F., Castro, M., Pazos, Y., Tobin, A. B., Butcher, A. J., and Camiña, J. P.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Molecular Biosciences
Journal Name:Scientific Reports
Publisher:Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:2045-2322
ISSN (Online):2045-2322
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2016 The Authors
First Published:First published in Scientific Reports 6:22495
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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