Gestational influenza and risk of hypomania in young adulthood: prospective birth cohort study

Anderson, J. J. , Hoath, S., Zammit, S., Meyer, T. D., Pell, J. P. , Mackay, D. and Smith, D. J. (2016) Gestational influenza and risk of hypomania in young adulthood: prospective birth cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 200, pp. 182-188. (doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.048) (PMID:27136417) (PMCID:PMC4906149)

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Abstract

Background: Previous studies have suggested a possible link between exposure to influenza in utero and bipolar disorder in adulthood. Using data from a prospective birth cohort, we aimed to test for an association between exposure to gestational influenza and the experience of hypomania assessed in early adulthood. Methods: We used data on 2,957 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The two main outcomes of interest were hypomania, assessed using the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) at age 22-23, and'hypomania plus previous psychotic experiences (PE)’. Maternally-reported gestational influenza was the exposure of interest. Multivariable logistic regression was used and estimates of association were adjusted for a range of possible confounding factors, including maternal smoking in pregnancy. Results: Relative to controls, rates of exposure to gestational influenza were higher for participants with hypomania (24.0%) and for participants with ‘hypomania plus PE’ (34.2%), but univariate and multivariable analyses of an association between gestational influenza and hypomania (with and without previous PE) were not significant. Limitations: The response rate to those who were sent the HCL-32 questionnaire was 36.8%. As a result, some analyses may have been under-powered to detect a true effect. Influenza infection during pregnancy was self-reported by mothers. Conclusions: In this prospective population study, gestational influenza was not identified as a clear risk factor for lifetime hypomania or for ‘hypomania with PEs’ in young adult offspring. It is possible that previous reports of an association between gestational influenza and bipolar disorder in adulthood have been confounded by factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Smith, Professor Daniel and Anderson, Dr Jana and Mackay, Professor Daniel and Pell, Professor Jill
Authors: Anderson, J. J., Hoath, S., Zammit, S., Meyer, T. D., Pell, J. P., Mackay, D., and Smith, D. J.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Mental Health and Wellbeing
College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Public Health
Journal Name:Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher:Elsevier BV
ISSN:0165-0327
ISSN (Online):1573-2517
Published Online:26 April 2016
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2016 The Authors
First Published:First published in Journal of Affective Disorders 200:182-188
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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