Green, M. J. , Leyland, A. H. , Sweeting, H. and Benzeval, M. (2016) Adolescent smoking and tertiary education: opposing pathways linking socioeconomic background to alcohol consumption. Addiction, 111(8), pp. 1457-1465. (doi: 10.1111/add.13365) (PMID:27162105) (PMCID:PMC4943526)
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Abstract
Background and aims: If socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with more adolescent smoking, but less participation in tertiary education, and smoking and tertiary education are both associated with heavier drinking, these may represent opposing pathways to heavy drinking. This paper examines contextual variation in the magnitude and direction of these associations. Design: Comparing cohort studies. Setting: UK Participants: Were from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS58; N=15,672), 1970 British birth cohort study (BCS70; N=12,735), and the West of Scotland Twenty-07 1970s cohort (T07; N=1,515). Measurements: Participants self-reported daily smoking and weekly drinking in adolescence (age 16) and heavy drinking (>14/21 units in past week) in early adulthood (ages 22-26). Parental occupational class (manual vs. non-manual) indicated socioeconomic background. Education beyond age 18 was coded as tertiary. Models were adjusted for parental smoking and drinking, family structure and adolescent psychiatric distress. Findings: Respondents from a manual class were more likely to smoke and less likely to enter tertiary education (e.g. in NCDS58 probit coefficients were 0.201 and -0.765 respectively; p<0.001 for both) than respondents from a non-manual class. Adolescent smokers were more likely to drink weekly in adolescence (0.346; p<0.001) and more likely to drink heavily in early adulthood (0.178; p<0.001) than adolescent non-smokers. Respondents who participated in tertiary education were more likely to drink heavily in early adulthood (0.110 for males, 0.182 for females; p<0.001 for both) than respondents with no tertiary education. With some variation in magnitude, these associations were consistent across all three cohorts. Conclusions: In Britain, young adults are more likely to drink heavily both if they smoke and participate in tertiary education (college and university) despite socioeconomic background being associated in opposite directions with these risk factors.
| Item Type: | Articles |
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| Additional Information: | We are grateful to survey participants and staff in all three studies. The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study is funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC; MC_A540_53462). We are grateful to the Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education and to the UK Data Archive for making the NCDS58 and BCS70 data available. However, they bear no responsibility for the analysis or interpretation of these data. MG was supported by a doctoral training fellowship from the Chief Scientist Office (CSO) of the Scottish Government Health Directorates (DTF/11/16) and by the MRC (MC_UU_12017-13). AL has funding from the MRC (MC_UU_12017/5) and the CSO (SPHSU2). HS has funding from the MRC (MC_UU_12017/3). MB has support from the University of Essex and the UK Economic and Social Research Council. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Green, Dr Michael and Benzeval, Dr Michaela and Leyland, Professor Alastair and Sweeting, Dr Helen |
| Authors: | Green, M. J., Leyland, A. H., Sweeting, H., and Benzeval, M. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > MRC/CSO SPHSU |
| Journal Name: | Addiction |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| ISSN: | 0965-2140 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1360-0443 |
| Published Online: | 09 May 2016 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2016 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Addiction 111(8): 1457-1465 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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