Beattie, L., Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D. and Biello, S. M. (2015) How are normal sleeping controls selected? A systematic review of cross-sectional insomnia studies, and a standardised method to select healthy controls for sleep research. Sleep Medicine, 16(6), pp. 669-677. (doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.010) (PMID:25953299)
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Abstract
There appears to be some inconsistency in how normal sleepers (controls) are selected and screened for participation in research studies for comparison with insomnia patients. The purpose of the current study is to assess and compare methods of identifying normal sleepers in insomnia studies, with reference to published standards. We systematically reviewed the literature on insomnia patients which included control subjects. The resulting 37 articles were systematically reviewed with reference to the five criteria for normal sleep specified by Edinger et al. (2004). In summary, these criteria are: evidence of sleep disruption; sleep scheduling; general health; substance/medication use; and other sleep disorders. We found sleep diaries, PSG, and clinical screening examinations to be widely used with both control subjects and insomnia participants. However, there are differences between research groups in the precise definitions applied to the components of normal sleep. We found that none of reviewed studies applied all of the Edinger et al. criteria, and 16% met four criteria. In general, screening is applied most rigorously at the level of a clinical disorder, whether physical, psychiatric, or sleep. While the Edinger et al. criteria seem to be applied in some form by most researchers, there is scope to improve standards and definitions in this area. Ideally, different methods such as sleep diaries and questionnaires would be used concurrently with objective measures to ensure normal sleepers are identified, and descriptive information for control subjects would be reported. Here, we have devised working criteria and methods to be used for assessment of normal sleepers. This would help clarify the nature of the control group, in contrast to insomnia subjects and other patient groups.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Espie, Professor Colin and Biello, Professor Stephany and Beattie, Dr Louise and Kyle, Dr Simon |
| Authors: | Beattie, L., Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D., and Biello, S. M. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Psychology & Neuroscience College of Science and Engineering > School of Psychology |
| Journal Name: | Sleep Medicine |
| Publisher: | Elsevier B.V. |
| ISSN: | 1389-9457 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1878-5506 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2015 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Sleep Medicine 16(6):669-677 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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