Preservation by basalt of a staircase of latest Pliocene terraces of the River Murat in eastern Turkey: evidence for rapid uplift of the eastern Anatolian Plateau

Demir, T., Seyrek, A., Guillou, H., Scaillet, S., Westaway, R. and Bridgland, D. (2009) Preservation by basalt of a staircase of latest Pliocene terraces of the River Murat in eastern Turkey: evidence for rapid uplift of the eastern Anatolian Plateau. Global and Planetary Change, 68(4), pp. 254-269. (doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.02.008)

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Abstract

Unspiked K–Ar dating makes the age of the Çakmaközü basalt in eastern Turkey 1818 ± 39 ka (± 2σ). This basalt overlies a staircase of four terraces of the River Murat, a Euphrates tributary, each separated vertically by ∼ 20 m. We deduce from the relationship with the basalt that these fluvial deposits aggraded during successive ∼ 40 ka climate cycles around the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary (probably MIS 72-66). The incision and rock uplift at ∼ 0.5 mm a− 1, thus indicated, are roughly consistent with the ∼ 500 m of entrenchment of this ∼ 1.8 Ma Murat palaeo-valley into a former lake basin since the Mid-Pliocene climatic optimum. We infer that the ∼ 130 m of incision in this locality since ∼ 1.8 Ma dramatically underestimates the associated rock uplift, estimated as ∼ 600 m. The ∼ 1100 m of rock uplift and ∼ 800 m of surface uplift thus estimated since the Mid-Pliocene indicate (assuming Airy isostatic equilibrium) ∼ 5 km of thickening of the continental crust, from ∼ 37 km to the present 42 km. Eastern Anatolia was thus at a much lower altitude in the Mid-Pliocene than at present, consistent with the low-relief lacustrine palaeo-environment. We infer that the subsequent development of topography and excess crustal thickness are being caused by coupling between surface processes and induced flow in the lower crust: climate change following the Mid-Pliocene climatic optimum resulted in faster erosion that has drawn mobile lower crust beneath the study region.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Westaway, Dr Robert
Authors: Demir, T., Seyrek, A., Guillou, H., Scaillet, S., Westaway, R., and Bridgland, D.
College/School:College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Systems Power and Energy
Journal Name:Global and Planetary Change
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0921-8181

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