Hammond, P.A., Ali, D. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2004) Design of a single-chip pH sensor using a conventional 0.6-μm CMOS process. IEEE Sensors Journal, 4(6), pp. 706-712. (doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2004.836849)
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Publisher's URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2004.836849
Abstract
A pH sensor fabricated on a single chip by an unmodified, commercial 0.6-/spl μm CMOS process is presented. The sensor comprises a circuit for making differential measurements between an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) and a reference FET (REFET). The ISFET has a floating-gate structure and uses the silicon nitride passivation layer as a pH-sensitive insulator. As fabricated, it has a large threshold voltage that is postulated to be caused by a trapped charge on the floating gate. Ultraviolet radiation and bulk-substrate biasing is used to permanently modify the threshold voltage so that the ISFET can be used in a battery-operated circuit. A novel post-processing method using a single layer of photoresist is used to define the sensing areas and to provide robust encapsulation for the chip. The complete circuit, operating from a single 3-V supply, provides an output voltage proportional to pH and can be powered down when not required.
Item Type: | Articles |
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Keywords: | CMOS analogue circuit, ISFET, SoC, encapsulation, ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, pH, system-on-chip. |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Cumming, Professor David |
Authors: | Hammond, P.A., Ali, D., and Cumming, D.R.S. |
Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > T Technology (General) |
College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering |
Journal Name: | IEEE Sensors Journal |
Publisher: | IEEE |
ISSN: | 1530-437X |
Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2004 IEEE Computer Society |
First Published: | First published in IEEE Sensors Journal 4(6):706-712 |
Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. |
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