Electrochemical behaviour of nano-sized spinel LiMn2O4 and LiAlxMn2-xO4 (x = Al : 0.00-0.40) synthesized via fumaric acid-assisted sol-gel synthesis for use in lithium rechargeable batteries

Thirunakaran, R., Sivashanmugam, A., Gopukumar, S., Dunnill, C. W. and Gregory, D. H. (2008) Electrochemical behaviour of nano-sized spinel LiMn2O4 and LiAlxMn2-xO4 (x = Al : 0.00-0.40) synthesized via fumaric acid-assisted sol-gel synthesis for use in lithium rechargeable batteries. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 69(8), pp. 2082-2090. (doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.03.009)

Abstract

Pristine spinel LiMn2O4 and LiAlxMn2-xO4 (X = Al: 0.00-0.40) with sub-micron sized particles have been synthesized using fumaric acid as chelating agent by sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FrIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cyclic voltarnmetry (CV) and galvanostatic cycling studies. The TGA curve of the gel shows several weight-loss regions stepwise amounting to 55% till 800 degrees C attributed to the decomposition of the precursors. Calcination to higher temperatures (800 degrees C) yields pure-phase spinel (LiAlxMn2-xO4), as it is evident from the high-intensity XRD reflections matching to the standard pattern. SEM and TEM studies confirm that the synthesized grains are of uniform regular surface morphology. FT-IR studies show stretching and bending vibration bands of Li-O, Li-Al0.1Mn-O-1.90(4). LiAl0.1Mn1.90O4 spinel was found to deliver discharge capacity of 139 mAh/g during the first cycle with columbic efficiency of 97%. LiAl0.1Mn1.90O4 spinel exhibits the high cathodic peak current indicating better electrochemical performance. Low doping (x = 0.1) of Al is found to be beneficial in stabilizing the spinel structure..

• Item Type: Articles
• Keywords: ACID AL batteries CAPACITY LOSSES CATHODE MATERIALS Decomposition DEFECT SPINELS DIFFRACTION ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ELECTRON ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY FTIR INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY inorganic compounds INTERCALATION ION BATTERIES LI LiAlxMn2-xO4 LiMn2O4 lithium MN-O MORPHOLOGY NANOSTRUCTURES PARTICLES PRECURSORS SAMPLES SEM sol-gel growth Sol-gel method SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS SPECTROSCOPY Structure SURFACE SYSTEM TEMPERATURE TRANSMISSION X-RAY X-ray diffraction X-RAY-DIFFRACTION XRD
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Gregory, Professor Duncan
• Authors: Thirunakaran, R., Sivashanmugam, A., Gopukumar, S., Dunnill, C. W., and Gregory, D. H.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Chemistry
• Journal Name: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
• ISSN: 0022-3697