A proton camera array technology for direct extracellular ion imaging

Milgrew, M.J. and Cumming, D.R.S. (2008) A proton camera array technology for direct extracellular ion imaging. In: ISIE08: 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics: Cambridge, UK, 30 June to 2 July 2008. IEEE Computer Society: Piscataway, N.J., USA, pp. 2051-2055. ISBN 9781424416653 (doi: 10.1109/ISIE.2008.4677310)

Abstract

The study of cellular function and response is essential for basic research and for applications in the fields of biomedicine and biotechnology. We have developed the first 256-pixel proton camera array for imaging the hydrogen ion activity of cells grown in vitro. The proton camera is an integrated sensor array technology, designed and fabricated in a standard commercial 0.35 mu m complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Each pixel uses a hydrogen ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) and has an area of 12.8 mu m x 12.8 mu m, leading to a total on-chip sensing area of 200 mu m x 200 mu m. After electrical matching, it is found that each ISFET pixel has a threshold voltage of -1 V with a convergence accuracy of less than 10 mV and a measured sensitivity of 46 mV/pH. A cell bioassay is performed to demonstrate that the proton camera array can successfully image changes in extracellular pH.

• Item Type: Book Sections
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Cumming, Professor David and Milgrew, Dr Mark
• Authors: Milgrew, M.J., and Cumming, D.R.S.
• Subjects: T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering
• Publisher: IEEE Computer Society
• ISBN: 9781424416653