Abbott, B. et al. (2009) Observation of a kilogram-scale oscillator near its quantum ground state. New Journal of Physics, 11(7), 073032. (doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/073032)
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Abstract
We introduce a novel cooling technique capable of approaching the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale system—an interferometric gravitational wave detector. The detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) operate within a factor of 10 of the standard quantum limit (SQL), providing a displacement sensitivity of 10<sup>−18</sup> m in a 100 Hz band centered on 150 Hz. With a new feedback strategy, we dynamically shift the resonant frequency of a 2.7 kg pendulum mode to lie within this optimal band, where its effective temperature falls as low as 1.4 μK, and its occupation number reaches about 200 quanta. This work shows how the exquisite sensitivity necessary to detect gravitational waves can be made available to probe the validity of quantum mechanics on an enormous mass scale.
Item Type: | Articles |
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Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Heptonstall, Dr Alastair and Grant, Mr Alastair and Cagnoli, Dr Gianpietro and Rowan, Professor Sheila and Messenger, Dr Christopher and Robertson, Professor Norna and Hild, Professor Stefan and Barr, Dr Bryan and Sorazu Lucio, Dr Borja and Reid, Professor Stuart and Cumming, Dr Alan and Tokmakov, Dr Kirill and Cunningham, Dr Liam and Veitch, Dr John and Plissi, Dr Michael and Woan, Professor Graham and Heng, Professor Ik Siong and Nelson, Mr John and Hough, Professor James and Ward, Professor Henry and Newton, Dr Gavin and Torrie, Dr Calum and Huttner, Dr Sabina and Strain, Professor Kenneth and Jones, Mr Russell and Pitkin, Dr Matthew and Murray, Dr Peter and Barton, Dr Mark |
Authors: | Abbott, B., Abbott, R., Adhikari, R., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Amin, R., Anderson, S.B., Anderson, W.G., Arain, M.A., Araya, M., Armandula, H., Armor, P., Aso, Y., Aston, S., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Ballmer, S., Bantilan, H., Barish, B.C., Barker, C., Barker, D., Barr, B., Barriga, P., Barton, M., Bastarrika, M., Bayer, K., Betzwieser, J., Beyersdorf, P.T., Bilenko, I.A., Billingsley, G., Biswas, R., Black, E., Blackburn, K., Blackburn, L., Blair, D., Bland, B., Bodiya, T.P., Bogue, L., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Brady, P.R., Braginsky, V.B., Brau, J.E., Brinkmann, M., Brooks, A., Brown, D.A., Brunet, G., Bullington, A., Buonanno, A., Burmeister, O., Byer, R.L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Camp, J.B., Cannizzo, J., Cannon, K., Cao, J., Cardenas, L., Casebolt, T., Castaldi, G., Cepeda, C., Chalkley, E., Charlton, P., Chatterji, S., Chelkowski, S., Chen, Y., Christensen, N., Clark, D., Clark, J., Cokelaer, T., Conte, R., Cook, D., Corbitt, T., Coyne, D., Creighton, J.D.E., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cutler, R.M., Dalrymple, J., Danilishin, S., Danzmann, K., Davies, G., Debra, D., Degallaix, J., Degree, M., Dergachev, V., Desai, S., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Diaz, M., Dickson, J., Dietz, A., Donovan, F., Dooley, K.L., Doomes, E.E., Drever, R.W.P., Duke, I., Dumas, J.C., Dupuis, R.J., Dwyer, J.G., Echols, C., Effler, A., Ehrens, P., Espinoza, E., Etzel, T., Evans, T., Fairhurst, S., Fan, Y., Fazi, D., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M.M., Finn, L.S., Flasch, K., Fotopoulos, N., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fricke, T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V.V., Fyffe, M., Garofoli, J., Gholami, I., Giaime, J.A., Giampanis, S., Giardina, K.D., Goda, K., Goetz, E., Goggin, L., Gonzlez, G., Gossler, S., Gouaty, R., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Gray, M., Greenhalgh, R.J.S., Gretarsson, A.M., Grimaldi, F., Grosso, R., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guenther, M., Gustafson, E.K., Gustafson, R., Hage, B., Hallam, J.M., Hammer, D., Hanna, C., Hanson, J., Harms, J., Harry, G., Harstad, E., Hayama, K., Hayler, T., Heefner, J., Heng, I.S., Hennessy, M., Heptonstall, A., Hewitson, M., Hild, S., Hirose, E., Hoak, D., Hosken, D., Hough, J., Huttner, S.H., Ingram, D., Ito, M., Ivanov, A., Johnson, B., Johnson, W.W., Jones, D.I., Jones, G., Jones, R., Ju, L., Kalmus, P., Kalogera, V., Kamat, S., Kanner, J., Kasprzyk, D., Katsavounidis, E., Kawabe, K., Kawamura, S., Kawazoe, F., Kells, W., Keppel, D.G., Khalili, F.Y., Khan, R., Khazanov, E., Kim, C., King, P., Kissel, J.S., Klimenko, S., Kokeyama, K., Kondrashov, V., Kopparapu, R.K., Kozak, D., Kozhevatov, I., Krishnan, B., Kwee, P., Lam, P.K., Landry, M., Lang, M.M., Lantz, B., Lazzarini, A., Lei, M., Leindecker, N., Leonhardt, V., Leonor, I., Libbrecht, K., Lin, H., Lindquist, P., Lockerbie, N.A., Lodhia, D., Lormand, M., Lu, P., Lubinski, M., Lucianetti, A., Luck, H., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Mageswaran, M., Mailand, K., Mandic, V., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Markosyan, A., Markowitz, J., Maros, E., Martin, I., Martin, R., Marx, J.N.., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Matzner, R., Mavalvala, N., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D.E., McGuire, S.C., McHugh, M., McIntyre, G., McIvor, G., McKechan, D., McKenzie, K., Meier, T., Melissinos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R.A., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C.J., Meyers, D., Miao, H., Miller, J., Minelli, J., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V.P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Moe, B., Mohanty, S., Moreno, G., Mossavi, K., Mow-Lowry, C., Mueller, G., Mukherjee, S., Mukhopadhyay, H., Muller-Ebhardt, H., Munch, J., Murray, P., Myers, E., Myers, J., Nash, T., Nelson, J., Newton, G., Nishizawa, A., Numata, K., O'Dell, J., Ogin, G., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ottaway, D.J., Ottens, R.S., Overmier, H., Owen, B.J., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Papa, M.A., Parameshwaraiah, V., Patel, P., Pedraza, M., Penn, S., Perreca, A., Petrie, T., Pinto, I.M., Pitkin, M., Pletsch, H.J., Plissi, M.V., Postiglione, F., Principe, M., Prix, R., Quetschke, V., Raab, F., Rabeling, D.S., Radkins, H., Rainer, N., Rakhmanov, M., Ramsunder, M., Rehbein, H., Reid, S., Reitze, D.H., Riesen, R., Riles, K., Rivera, B., Robertson, N.A., Robinson, C., Robinson, E.L., Roddy, S., Rodriguez, A., Rogan, A.M., Rollins, J., Romano, J.D., Romie, J., Route, R., Rowan, S., Rudiger, A., Ruet, L., Russell, P., Ryan, K., Sakata, S., Samidi, M., de la Jordana, L.S., Sandberg, V., Sannibale, V., Saraf, S., Sarin, P., Sathyaprakash, B.S., Sato, S., Saulson, P.R., Savage, R., Savov, P., Schediwy, S.W., Schilling, R., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R., Schutz, B.F., Schwinberg, P., Scott, S.M., Searle, A.C., Sears, B., Seifert, F., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A.S., Shawhan, P., Shoemaker, D.H., Sibley, A., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Sinha, S., Sintes, A.M., Slagmolen, B.J.J., Slutsky, J., Smith, J.R., Smith, M.R., Smith, N.D., Somiya, K., Sorazu, B., Stein, L.C., Stochino, A., Stone, R., Strain, K.A., Strom, D.M., Stuver, A., Summerscales, T.Z., Sun, K.X., Sung, M., Sutton, P.J., Takahashi, H., Tanner, D.B., Taylor, R., Taylor, R., Thacker, J., Thorne, K.A., Thorne, K.S., Thuring, A., Tokmakov, K.V., Torres, C., Torrie, C., Traylor, G., Trias, M., Tyler, W., Ugolini, D., Ulmen, J., Urbanek, K., Vahlbruch, H., Van Den Broeck, C., van der Sluys, M., Vass, S., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Veitch, J., Veitch, P., Villar, A., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S.P., Waldman, S.J., Wallace, L., Ward, H., Ward, R., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A., Weiss, R., Wen, S., Wette, K., Whelan, J.T., Whitcomb, S.E., Whiting, B.F., Wilkinson, C., Willems, P.A., Williams, H.R., Williams, L., Willke, B., Wilmut, I., Winkler, W., Wipf, C.C., Wiseman, A.G., Woan, G., Wooley, R., Worden, J., Wu, W., Yakushin, I., Yamamoto, H., Yan, Z., Yoshida, S., Zanolin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhao, C., Zotov, N., Zucker, M., and Zweizig, J. |
College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Physics and Astronomy |
Research Centre: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Physics and Astronomy > Institute for Gravitational Research |
Journal Name: | New Journal of Physics |
Journal Abbr.: | New J. Phys. |
Publisher: | Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. |
ISSN (Online): | 1367-2630 |
Published Online: | 16 July 2009 |
Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2009 Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. |
First Published: | First published in New Journal of Physics 11 (7): 073032 |
Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher |
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