Tanwear, A., Liang, X., Paz, E., Böhnert, T., Ghannam, R. , Ferreira, R. and Heidari, H. (2022) Spintronic eyeblink gesture sensor with wearable interface system. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 16(5), pp. 779-792. (doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2022.3190689) (PMID:35830413)
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Abstract
This work presents an eyeblink system that detects magnets placed on the eyelid via integrated magnetic sensors and an analogue circuit on an eyewear frame (without a glass lens). The eyelid magnets were detected using tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) bridge sensors with a sensitivity of 14 mV/V/Oe and were positioned centre-right and centre-left of the eyewear frame. Each eye side has a single TMR sensor wired to a single circuit, where the signal was filtered (<0.5 Hz and >30 Hz) and amplified to detect the weak magnetic field produced by the 3-millimetre (mm) diameter and 0.5 mm thickness N42 Neodymium magnets attached to a medical tape strip, for the adult-age demographic. Each eyeblink was repeated by a trigger command (right eyeblink) followed by the appropriate command, right, left or both eyeblinks. The eyeblink gesture system has shown repeatability, resulting in blinking classification based on the analogue signal amplitude threshold. As a result, the signal can be scaled and classified as well as, integrated with a Bluetooth module in realtime. This will enable end-users to connect to various other Bluetooth enabled devices for wireless assistive technologies. The eyeblink system was tested by 14 participants via a stimuli-based game. Within an average time of 185-seconds, the system demonstrated a group mean accuracy of 72% for 40 commands. Moreover, the maximum information transfer rate (ITR) of the participants was 35.95 Bits per minute.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Liang, Mr Xiangpeng and Ghannam, Professor Rami and Tanwear, Dr Asfand and Heidari, Professor Hadi |
| Authors: | Tanwear, A., Liang, X., Paz, E., Böhnert, T., Ghannam, R., Ferreira, R., and Heidari, H. |
| College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering |
| Journal Name: | IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems |
| Publisher: | IEEE |
| ISSN: | 1932-4545 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1940-9990 |
| Published Online: | 13 July 2022 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2022 IEEE |
| First Published: | First published in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 16(5): 779-792 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy |
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