Examination of the validity of the 'Papadum test’: an alternative to the clock drawing test for people with low levels of education

Crombie, M., Dutt, A., Dey, P., Nandi, R. and Evans, J. (2023) Examination of the validity of the 'Papadum test’: an alternative to the clock drawing test for people with low levels of education. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 37(5), pp. 1025-1042. (doi: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2047789) (PMID:35317719)

Abstract

Objectives: The clock drawing test (CDT) is a widely used cognitive screening test. However, CDT performance is affected by education. This study examined an alternative, the Papadum test, designed for people with low levels of education/literacy. The association between education and test performance, correlation between CDT and Papadum test, and diagnostic accuracy of both CDT and Papadum tests were examined. Method: 89 healthy literate adults and 59 literate adults (all Bengali speaking) with a diagnosis of mild-moderate dementia from hospitals in Kolkata, India undertook the CDT and the Papadum test. Results: Education had a significant association with the CDT but not with the Papadum test. Across the whole sample there was a significant correlation between CDT and Papadum, but not within separate groups of healthy controls and patients. Diagnostic accuracy for the Papadum test was similar to that for CDT. Conclusions: Results highlight the strong influence that education has on CDT performance indicating that it is not suitable for those with low levels of literacy. The Papadum test could provide a viable alternative as a screening tool to the CDT for use with people who are illiterate or have low levels of education. Further validation studies are required.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Evans, Professor Jonathan and Crombie, Mairi and Dutt, Dr Aparna
• Authors: Crombie, M., Dutt, A., Dey, P., Nandi, R., and Evans, J.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Mental Health and Wellbeing
• Journal Name: Clinical Neuropsychologist
• Publisher: Taylor and Francis
• ISSN: 1385-4046
• ISSN (Online): 1744-4144
• Published Online: 23 March 2022
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)
• First Published: First published in Clinical Neuropsychologist 37(5):1025-1042
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons Licence