A systematic review and meta-analysis of beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system for preventing left ventricular dysfunction due to anthracyclines or trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer

Lewinter, C., Nielsen, T. H., Edfors, L. R., Linde, C., Bland, J. M., LeWinter, M., Cleland, J. G.F. , Køber, L., Braunschweig, F. and Mansson-Broberg, A. (2022) A systematic review and meta-analysis of beta-blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system for preventing left ventricular dysfunction due to anthracyclines or trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. European Heart Journal, 43(27), pp. 2562-2569. (doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab843) (PMID:34951629)

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Abstract

Aims: Trastuzumab and anthracyclines, often used in the treatment of breast cancer, may impair myocardial function, and reduce left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), potentially causing heart failure. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effects of beta-blockers (BBs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on trastuzumab- and anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity. We report a meta-analysis of these RCTs in patients with breast cancer. Methods and results: The primary analysis was on the effect of BBs and ACEI/ARBs on LVEF in patients treated with either trastuzumab or anthracyclines. A secondary analysis was done investigating the effect of BBs or ACEI/ARBs on LVEF in trastuzumab and anthracycline treatments. Only RCTs were included using the search term ‘ARBs, ACEIs, BBs, anthracyclines, trastuzumab, and breast cancer’ in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL up to 31 March 2021. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the mean difference (MD) in LVEF between intervention and placebo groups at follow-up. A total of nine RCTs (n = 1362) were included in the analysis. All patients were women. BBs and ACEI/ARBs were shown to attenuate the decline in LVEF during trastuzumab and anthracycline treatments [MD: 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3–4.2 and MD: 1.5; 95% CI: –0.6 to 3.7]. Compared with placebo, LVEF was significantly higher in patients assigned to BB or ACEI/ARB on trastuzumab (MD: 2.3; 95% CI: 0.0–4.6) but not on anthracyclines (MD: 1.9; 95% CI: –0.5 to 4.2). Conclusion: Both BB and ACEI/ARB therapies were associated with the preservation of LVEF during trastuzumab and anthracycline-containing regimens as compared with placebo, suggesting both to be beneficial. Key question: The distinct effects of (1) beta-blockers (BBs) and (ii) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with breast cancer treated with trastuzumab or anthracyclines. The effect of either BBs or ACEI/ARBs on the LVEF during (iii) trastuzumab and (iv) anthracycline treatments. Key finding: BBs and ACEI/ARBs were shown to attenuate the decline in LVEF during trastuzumab and anthracycline treatments. In patients treated with trastuzumab, BBs or ACEI/ARBs were significantly associated with higher LVEFs. For anthracyclines, a similar trend was found, although nonsignificant. Take home message: BB therapy and ACEI/ARB therapy were associated with LVEF preservation during trastuzumab and anthracycline containing regimens in patients with breast cancer.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Cleland, Professor John and Kober, Professor Lars
Authors: Lewinter, C., Nielsen, T. H., Edfors, L. R., Linde, C., Bland, J. M., LeWinter, M., Cleland, J. G.F., Køber, L., Braunschweig, F., and Mansson-Broberg, A.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Robertson Centre
College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
Journal Name:European Heart Journal
Publisher:Oxford University Press
ISSN:0195-668X
ISSN (Online):1522-9645
Published Online:24 December 2021
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2021 The Authors
First Published:First published in European Heart Journal 43(27): 2562-2569
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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