Seasonal environments drive convergent evolution of a faster pace‐of‐life in tropical butterflies

Halali, S., van Bergen, E., Breuker, C. J., Brakefield, P. M. and Brattström, O. (2021) Seasonal environments drive convergent evolution of a faster pace‐of‐life in tropical butterflies. Ecology Letters, 24(1), pp. 102-112. (doi: 10.1111/ele.13626) (PMID:33099881)

Abstract

New ecological niches that may arise due to climate change can trigger diversification, but their colonisation often requires adaptations in a suite of life-history traits. We test this hypothesis in species-rich Mycalesina butterflies that have undergone parallel radiations in Africa, Asia, and Madagascar. First, our ancestral state reconstruction of habitat preference, using c. 85% of extant species, revealed that early forest-linked lineages began to invade seasonal savannahs during the late Miocene-Pliocene. Second, rearing replicate pairs of forest and savannah species from the African and Malagasy radiation in a common garden experiment, and utilising published data from the Asian radiation, demonstrated that savannah species consistently develop faster, have smaller bodies, higher fecundity with an earlier investment in reproduction, and reduced longevity, compared to forest species across all three radiations. We argue that time-constraints for reproduction favoured the evolution of a faster pace-of-life in savannah species that facilitated their persistence in seasonal habitats.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Brattstrom, Dr Oskar
• Authors: Halali, S., van Bergen, E., Breuker, C. J., Brakefield, P. M., and Brattström, O.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Life Sciences
• Journal Name: Ecology Letters
• Publisher: Wiley
• ISSN: 1461-023X
• ISSN (Online): 1461-0248
• Published Online: 24 October 2020
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2020 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Ecology Letters 24(1): 102-112
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License
• Data DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13001756.v1