HIV-1 evades innate immune recognition through specific cofactor recruitment

Rasaiyaah, J. et al. (2013) HIV-1 evades innate immune recognition through specific cofactor recruitment. Nature, 503(7476), pp. 402-405. (doi: 10.1038/nature12769) (PMID:24196705) (PMCID:PMC3928559)

Full text not currently available from Enlighten.

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is able to replicate in primary human macrophages without stimulating innate immunity despite reverse transcription of genomic RNA into double-stranded DNA, an activity that might be expected to trigger innate pattern recognition receptors. We reasoned that if correctly orchestrated HIV-1 uncoating and nuclear entry is important for evasion of innate sensors then manipulation of specific interactions between HIV-1 capsid and host factors that putatively regulate these processes should trigger pattern recognition receptors and stimulate type 1 interferon (IFN) secretion. Here we show that HIV-1 capsid mutants N74D and P90A, which are impaired for interaction with cofactors cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF6) and cyclophilins (Nup358 and CypA), respectively1,2, cannot replicate in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages because they trigger innate sensors leading to nuclear translocation of NF-κB and IRF3, the production of soluble type 1 IFN and induction of an antiviral state. Depletion of CPSF6 with short hairpin RNA expression allows wild-type virus to trigger innate sensors and IFN production. In each case, suppressed replication is rescued by IFN-receptor blockade, demonstrating a role for IFN in restriction. IFN production is dependent on viral reverse transcription but not integration, indicating that a viral reverse transcription product comprises the HIV-1 pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Finally, we show that we can pharmacologically induce wild-type HIV-1 infection to stimulate IFN secretion and an antiviral state using a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine analogue. We conclude that HIV-1 has evolved to use CPSF6 and cyclophilins to cloak its replication, allowing evasion of innate immune sensors and induction of a cell-autonomous innate immune response in primary human macrophages.

Item Type:Articles (Letter)
Additional Information:This work was funded by Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship 090940 to G.J.T., the Medical Research Council, an MRC Confidence in Concept Award to G.J.T. and D.S. and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Fletcher, Dr Adam
Authors: Rasaiyaah, J., Tan, C. P., Fletcher, A. J., Price, A. J., Blondeau, C., Hilditch, L., Jacques, D. A., Selwood, D. L., James, L. C., Noursadeghi, M., and Towers, G. J.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity
College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research
Journal Name:Nature
Publisher:Nature Research
ISSN:0028-0836
ISSN (Online):1476-4687

University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record