Giuri, D., Marshall, L. J., Wilson, C. , Seddon, A. and Adams, D. J. (2021) Understanding gel-to-crystal transitions in supramolecular gels. Soft Matter, 17(30), pp. 7221-7226. (doi: 10.1039/D1SM00770J)
![[img]](https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
246904.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. 2MB |
Abstract
Most supramolecular gels are stable or assumed to be stable over time, and aging effects are often not studied. However, some gels do show clear changes on aging, and a small number of systems exhibit gel-to-crystal transitions. In these cases, crystals form over time, typically at the expense of the network underpinning the gel; this leads to the gel falling apart. These systems are rare, and little is known about how these gel-to-crystal transitions occur. Here, we use a range of techniques to understand in detail a gel-to-crystal transition for a specific functionalised dipeptide based gelator. We show that the gel-to-crystal transition depends on the final pH of the medium which we control by varying the amount of glucon-δ-lactone (GdL) added. In the gel phase, at low concentrations of GdL, and at early time points with high concentrations of GdL, we are able to show the nanometre scale dimensions of the self-assembled fibre using SAXS; however there is no evidence of molecular ordering of the gel fibres in the WAXS. At low concentrations of GdL, these self-assembled fibres stiffen with time but do not crystallise over the timescale of the SAXS experiment. At high concentrations of GdL, the fibres are already stiffened, and then, as the pH dops further, give way to the presence of crystals which appear to grow preferentially along the direction of the fibre axis. We definitively show therefore that the gel and crystal phase are not the same. Our work shows that many assumptions in the literature are incorrect. Finally, we also show that the sample holder geometry is an important parameter for these experiments, with the rate of crystallisation depending on the holder in which the experiment is carried out.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Wilson, Dr Claire and Marshall, Miss Libby and Adams, Dave and Giuri, Demetra |
| Authors: | Giuri, D., Marshall, L. J., Wilson, C., Seddon, A., and Adams, D. J. |
| College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Chemistry |
| Journal Name: | Soft Matter |
| Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| ISSN: | 1744-683X |
| ISSN (Online): | 1744-6848 |
| Published Online: | 12 July 2021 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry |
| First Published: | First published in Soft Matter 17(30): 7221-7226 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record
Funder and Project Information
Funder and Project Information