Paterson, K., Zanivan, S. , Glasspool, R., Coffelt, S.B. and Zagnoni, M. (2021) Microfluidic technologies for immunotherapy studies on solid tumours. Lab on a Chip, 21(12), pp. 2306-2329. (doi: 10.1039/D0LC01305F) (PMID:34085677) (PMCID:PMC8204114)
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Abstract
Immunotherapy is a powerful and targeted cancer treatment that exploits the body's immune system to attack and eliminate cancerous cells. This form of therapy presents the possibility of long-term control and prevention of recurrence due to the memory capabilities of the immune system. Various immunotherapies are successful in treating haematological malignancies and have dramatically improved outcomes in melanoma. However, tackling other solid tumours is more challenging, mostly because of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Current in vitro models based on traditional 2D cell monolayers and animal models, such as patient-derived xenografts, have limitations in their ability to mimic the complexity of the human TME. As a result, they have inadequate translational value and can be poorly predictive of clinical outcome. Thus, there is a need for robust in vitro preclinical tools that more faithfully recapitulate human solid tumours to test novel immunotherapies. Microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies offer opportunities, especially when performing mechanistic studies, to understand the role of the TME in immunotherapy, and to expand the experimental throughput when using patient-derived tissue through its miniaturization capabilities. This review first introduces the basic concepts of immunotherapy, presents the current preclinical approaches used in immuno-oncology for solid tumours and then discusses the underlying challenges. We provide a rationale for using microfluidic-based approaches, highlighting the most recent microfluidic technologies and methodologies that have been used for studying cancer–immune cell interactions and testing the efficacy of immunotherapies in solid tumours. Ultimately, we discuss achievements and limitations of the technology, commenting on potential directions for incorporating microfluidic technologies in future immunotherapy studies.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | This work was funded by core grants from Cancer Research UK (A31287, A29800 and A18076 to S. R. Z., A25142 to S. B. C.), Breast Cancer Now (2019AugPR1307 to S. R. Z, 2018JulPR1101 and 2019DecPhD1349 to S. B. C.), the Wellcome Trust (208990/Z/17/Z to S. B. C.), the Medical Research Council (MR/R502327/1 to S. B. C.), Tenovus Scotland (S17-17 to S. B. C.), AMS Biotechnology Europe Ltd (industrial PhD studentship to K. P. and M. Z.) and internal funds by Strathclyde University to M. Z. and K. P. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Coffelt, Professor Seth and Zanivan, Professor Sara and Glasspool, Dr Rosalind |
| Authors: | Paterson, K., Zanivan, S., Glasspool, R., Coffelt, S.B., and Zagnoni, M. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cancer Sciences |
| Research Centre: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Immunobiology |
| Journal Name: | Lab on a Chip |
| Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| ISSN: | 1473-0197 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1473-0189 |
| Published Online: | 04 June 2021 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry |
| First Published: | First published in Lab on a Chip 21(12): 2306-2329 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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