Shutler, J. D., Zaraska, K., Holding, T., Machnik, M., Uppuluri, K., Ashton, I. G. C., Migdał, Ł. and Dahiya, R. S. (2021) Rapid assessment of SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk for fecally contaminated river water. ACS ES&T Water, 1(4), pp. 949-957. (doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.0c00246) (PMID:33880460) (PMCID:PMC7931626)
Text
235690.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. 3MB |
Abstract
Following the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), airborne water droplets have been identified as the main transmission route. Identifying and breaking all viable transmission routes are critical to stop future outbreaks, and the potential of transmission by water has been highlighted. By modifying established approaches, we provide a method for the rapid assessment of the risk of transmission posed by fecally contaminated river water and give example results for 39 countries. The country relative risk of transmission posed by fecally contaminated river water is related to the environment and the populations’ infection rate and water usage. On the basis of in vitro data and using temperature as the primary controller of survival, we then demonstrate how viral loads likely decrease after a spill. These methods using readily available data suggest that sewage spills into rivers within countries with high infection rates could provide infectious doses of >40 copies per 100 mL of water. The approach, implemented in the supplementary spreadsheet, can provide a fast estimate of the upper and lower viral load ranges following a riverine spill. The results enable evidence-based research recommendations for wastewater epidemiology and could be used to evaluate the significance of fecal–oral transmission within freshwater systems.
Item Type: | Articles |
---|---|
Additional Information: | J.D.S., K.Z., and R.D. were partially supported by the European Union (Grant H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018-813680). R.D. was partially supported through the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (Grant EP/R029644/1). |
Keywords: | Dilution, water transmission, fecal−oral, sewage, SARS-CoV-2. |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Dahiya, Professor Ravinder |
Authors: | Shutler, J. D., Zaraska, K., Holding, T., Machnik, M., Uppuluri, K., Ashton, I. G. C., Migdał, Ł., and Dahiya, R. S. |
College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering |
Journal Name: | ACS ES&T Water |
Publisher: | American Chemical Society |
ISSN: | 2690-0637 |
ISSN (Online): | 2690-0637 |
Published Online: | 22 February 2021 |
Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021 The Authors |
First Published: | First published in ACS ES&T Water 1(4): 949-957 |
Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
Related URLs: |
University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record