de Glanville, W. A. et al. (2020) Classification and characterisation of livestock production systems in northern Tanzania. PLoS ONE, 15(12), e0229478. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229478) (PMID:33378382) (PMCID:PMC7773236)
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Abstract
Livestock keepers in sub-Saharan Africa face a range of pressures, including climate change, land loss, restrictive policies, and population increase. Widespread adaptation in response can lead to the emergence of new, non-traditional typologies of livestock production. We sought to characterise livestock production systems in two administrative regions in northern Tanzania, an area undergoing rapid social, economic, and environmental change. Questionnaire and spatial data were collected from 404 livestock-keeping households in 21 villages in Arusha and Manyara Regions in 2016. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to classify households into livestock production systems based on household-level characteristics. Adversity-based indicators of vulnerability, including reports of hunger, illness, and livestock, land and crop losses were compared between production systems. Three distinct clusters emerged through this process. The ethnic, environmental and livestock management characteristics of households in each cluster broadly mapped onto traditional definitions of ‘pastoral’, ‘agro-pastoral’ and ‘smallholder’ livestock production in the study area, suggesting that this quantitative classification system is complementary to more qualitative classification methods. Our approach allowed us to demonstrate a diversity in typologies of livestock production at small spatial scales, with almost half of study villages comprising more than one production system. We also found indicators of change within livestock production systems, most notably the adoption of crop agriculture in the majority of pastoral households. System-level heterogeneities in vulnerability were evident, with agro-pastoral households most likely to report hunger and pastoral households most likely to report illness in people and livestock, and livestock losses. We demonstrate that livestock production systems can provide context for assessing household vulnerability in northern Tanzania. Policy initiatives to improve household and community well-being should recognise the continuing diversity of traditional livestock production systems in northern Tanzania, including the diversity that can exist at small spatial scales.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Sharp, Professor Jo and Halliday, Dr Jo and Allan, Dr Kathryn and De Glanville, Dr William and Johnson, Dr Paul and Cleaveland, Professor Sarah and Davis, Dr Alicia and Uzzell, Mr Christopher and Claxton, Dr John |
| Creator Roles: | de Glanville, W. A.Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Davis, A.Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing Allan, K. J.Conceptualization, Writing – review and editing Claxton, J. R.Project administration, Writing – review and editing Halliday, J. E.B.Conceptualization, Writing – review and editing Johnson, P. C.D.Investigation, Writing – review and editing Uzzell, C. B.Data curation, Writing – review and editing Sharp, J.Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review and editing Cleaveland, S.Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review and editing |
| Authors: | de Glanville, W. A., Davis, A., Allan, K. J., Buza, J., Claxton, J. R., Crump, J. A., Halliday, J. E.B., Johnson, P. C.D., Kibona, T. J., Mmbaga, B. T., Swai, E. S., Uzzell, C. B., Yoder, J., Sharp, J., and Cleaveland, S. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine College of Science and Engineering > School of Geographical and Earth Sciences College of Social Sciences > School of Social and Political Sciences > Sociology Anthropology and Applied Social Sciences |
| Journal Name: | PLoS ONE |
| Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1932-6203 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2020 de Glanville et al. |
| First Published: | First published in PLoS ONE 15(12): e0229478 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
| Data DOI: | 10.5525/gla.researchdata.1098 |
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