Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in the intestinal mucosa: between immune homeostasis and immune escape

Ahmed, A. , Schmidt, C. and Brunner, T. (2019) Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in the intestinal mucosa: between immune homeostasis and immune escape. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 1438. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01438) (PMID:31316505) (PMCID:PMC6611402)

Abstract

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones predominantly produced in the adrenal glands in response to physiological cues and stress. Adrenal GCs mediate potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Accumulating evidence in the past two decades has demonstrated other extra-adrenal organs and tissues capable of synthesizing GCs. This review discusses the role and regulation of GC synthesis in the intestinal epithelium in the regulation of normal immune homeostasis, inflammatory diseases of the intestinal mucosa, and the development of intestinal tumors.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: AA was supported by a fellowship from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Sudan and the Baden- Württemberg-Stiftung. This work was supported in part by grants from the German Science Foundation to TB.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Ahmed Hassan Elshiekh, Dr Asma
• Authors: Ahmed, A., Schmidt, C., and Brunner, T.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cancer Sciences
• Journal Name: Frontiers in Immunology
• Publisher: Frontiers Media
• ISSN: 1664-3224
• ISSN (Online): 1664-3224
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2019 Ahmed, Schmidt and Brunner
• First Published: First published in Frontiers in Immunology 10: 1438
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License