Lenton, S., Wang, Q., Nylander, T., Teixeira, S. and Holt, C. (2020) Structural biology of calcium phosphate nanoclusters sequestered by phosphoproteins. Crystals, 10(9), 755. (doi: 10.3390/cryst10090755)
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Abstract
Biofluids that contain stable calcium phosphate nanoclusters sequestered by phosphopeptides make it possible for soft and hard tissues to co-exist in the same organism with relative ease. The stability diagram of a solution of nanocluster complexes shows how the minimum concentration of phosphopeptide needed for stability increases with pH. In the stable region, amorphous calcium phosphate cannot precipitate. Nevertheless, if the solution is brought into contact with hydroxyapatite, the crystalline phase will grow at the expense of the nanocluster complexes. The physico-chemical principles governing the formation, composition, size, structure, and stability of the complexes are described. Examples are given of complexes formed by casein, osteopontin, and recombinant phosphopeptides. Application of these principles and properties to blood serum, milk, urine, and resting saliva is described to show that under physiological conditions they are in the stable region of their stability diagram and so cannot cause soft tissue calcification. Stimulated saliva, however, is in the metastable region, consistent with its role in tooth remineralization. Destabilization of biofluids, with consequential ill-effects, can occur when there is a failure of homeostasis, such as an increase in pH without a balancing increase in the concentration of sequestering phosphopeptides.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Q.W. is supported by China Scholarship Council Grant No. 201906120367. T.N. received financial support from the Swedish Research Council (Grant Nos. 2016-05390, 2017-06716 and 2018-05013), NanoLund and Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS). S.T. acknowledges the NIST Centre for Neutron Research for general support; this manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreements #370NANB17H302 and #70NANB15H260 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Holt, Dr Carl |
| Authors: | Lenton, S., Wang, Q., Nylander, T., Teixeira, S., and Holt, C. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Molecular Biosciences |
| Journal Name: | Crystals |
| Publisher: | MDPI |
| ISSN: | 2073-4352 |
| ISSN (Online): | 2073-4352 |
| Published Online: | 27 August 2020 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2020 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Crystals 10(9): 755 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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