Crouch, S. H., Botha-Le Roux, S., Delles, C. , Graham, L. A. and Schutte, A. E. (2021) Inflammation and salt in young adults: the African-PREDICT study. European Journal of Nutrition, 60(2), pp. 873-882. (doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02292-3) (PMID:32494865) (PMCID:PMC7900065)
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Abstract
Purpose: Low-grade inflammation and a diet high in salt are both established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. High potassium (K+) intake was found to counter increase in blood pressure due to high salt intake and may potentially also have protective anti-inflammatory effects. To better understand these interactions under normal physiological conditions, we investigated the relationships between 22 inflammatory mediators with 24-h urinary K+ in young healthy adults stratified by low, medium and high salt intake (salt tertiles). We stratified by ethnicity due to potential salt sensitivity in black populations. Methods: In 991 healthy black (N = 457) and white (N = 534) adults, aged 20–30 years, with complete data for 24-h urinary sodium and K+, we analysed blood samples for 22 inflammatory mediators. Results: We found no differences in inflammatory mediators between low-, mid- and high-sodium tertiles in either the black or white groups. In multivariable-adjusted regression analyses in white adults, we found only in the lowest salt tertile that K+ associated negatively with pro-inflammatory mediators, namely interferon gamma, interleukin (IL) -7, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-23 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (all p ≤ 0.046). In the black population, we found no independent associations between K+ and any inflammatory mediator. Conclusion: In healthy white adults, 24-h urinary K+ associated independently and negatively with specific pro-inflammatory mediators, but only in those with a daily salt intake less than 6.31 g, suggesting K+ to play a protective, anti-inflammatory role in a low-sodium environment. No similar associations were found in young healthy black adults.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Graham, Dr Lesley and Delles, Professor Christian |
| Authors: | Crouch, S. H., Botha-Le Roux, S., Delles, C., Graham, L. A., and Schutte, A. E. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health |
| Journal Name: | European Journal of Nutrition |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| ISSN: | 1436-6207 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1436-6215 |
| Published Online: | 03 June 2020 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2020 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in European Journal of Nutrition 60(2): 873-882 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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