Pion and kaon structure at the electron-ion collider

Aguilar, A. C. et al. (2019) Pion and kaon structure at the electron-ion collider. European Physical Journal A, 55(10), 190. (doi: 10.1140/epja/i2019-12885-0)

Abstract

Understanding the origin and dynamics of hadron structure and in turn that of atomic nuclei is a central goal of nuclear physics. This challenge entails the questions of how does the roughly 1GeV mass-scale that characterizes atomic nuclei appear; why does it have the observed value; and, enigmatically, why are the composite Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) abnormally light in comparison? In this perspective, we provide an analysis of the mass budget of the pion and proton in QCD; discuss the special role of the kaon, which lies near the boundary between dominance of strong and Higgs mass-generation mechanisms; and explain the need for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and continuum calculations, in exa-scale computing as provided by lattice QCD, and in experiments to make progress in understanding the origins of hadron masses and the distribution of that mass within them. We compare the unique capabilities foreseen at the electron-ion collider (EIC) with those at the hadron-electron ring accelerator (HERA), the only previous electron-proton collider; and describe five key experimental measurements, enabled by the EIC and aimed at delivering fundamental insights that will generate concrete answers to the questions of how mass and structure arise in the pion and kaon, the Standard Model's NG modes, whose surprisingly low mass is critical to the evolution of our Universe.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: Work supported by: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship; China’s Thousand Talents Plan for Young Professionals; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog´ıa (CONACyT), Mexico, Grant Nos. 4.10 and CB2014- 22117; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol´ogico - CNPq, Grants No. 305894/2009-9, 464898/2014- 5, 305815/2015 and 308486/2015-3 (INCT F´ısica Nuclear e Aplica¸c˜oes); Coordinaci´on de la Investigaci´on Cient´ıfica (CIC) of the University of Michoac´an; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant No. FI 970/11-1; Forschungszentrum J¨ulich GmbH; Funda¸c˜ao de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado de S˜ao Paulo (FAPESP), Grant Nos. 2013/01907-0, 2017/05660- 0, 2017/05685-2 and 2017/07595-0; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), under Grant No. 2019CDJDWL0005; Helmholtz International Centre for FAIR within the LOEWE program of the State of Hesse; Jiangsu Province Hundred Talents Plan for Professionals; Junta de Andaluc´ıa Grant No. FQM-370; Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Science Foundation, under Grant No. NY129032; Natural Science Foundation of China, under Grant Nos. 11805024, 11847024 and 11847301; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), under Grant No. SAPIN-2016-00031; Spanish MEyC under Grant Nos. FPA2017-84543-P and SEV-2014-0398; Spanish MINECO Grant No. FPA2017-86380-P; Spanish National Project FPA2017-86380-P; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-06OR23177 and DE-FG02- 87ER40371; and U.S. National Science Foundation, Grant Nos. PHY-1506416, PHY-1714133 and PHY-1812382.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Montgomery, Dr Rachel
• Authors: Aguilar, A. C., Ahmed, Z., Aidala, C., Ali, S., Andrieux, V., Arrington, J., Bashir, A., Berdnikov, V., Binosi, D., Chang, L., Chen, C., Chen, M., de Melo, J. P. B.C., Diefenthaler, M., Ding, M., Ent, R., Frederico, T., Gao, F., Gothe, R. W., Hattawy, M., Hobbs, T. J., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jia, S., Keppel, C., Krein, G., Lin, H.-W., Mezrag, C., Mokeev, V., Montgomery, R., Moutarde, H., Nadolsky, P., Papavassiliou, J., Park, K., Pegg, I. L., Peng, J.-C., Platchkov, S., Qin, S.-X., Raya, K., Reimer, P., Richards, D. G., Roberts, C. D., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Sato, N., Schmidt, S. M., Segovia, J., Tadepalli, A., Trotta, R., Ye, Z., Yoshida, R., and Xu, S.-S.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Physics and Astronomy
• Journal Name: European Physical Journal A
• Publisher: Springer
• ISSN: 1434-6001
• ISSN (Online): 1434-601X
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2019 Societ`a Italiana di Fisica / Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
• First Published: First published in European Physical Journal A 55(10):190
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher