Blanco-Lobo, P., Rodriguez, L., Reedy, S., Oladunni, F. S., Nogales, A., Murcia, P. R. , Chambers, T. M. and Martinez-Sobrido, L. (2019) A bivalent live-attenuated vaccine for the prevention of equine influenza virus. Viruses, 11(10), e933. (doi: 10.3390/v11100933)
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Abstract
Vaccination remains the most effective approach for preventing and controlling equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses. However, the ongoing evolution of EIV has increased the genetic and antigenic differences between currently available vaccines and circulating strains, resulting in suboptimal vaccine efficacy. As recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the inclusion of representative strains from clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineages of EIV in vaccines may maximize the protection against presently circulating viral strains. In this study, we used reverse genetics technologies to generate a bivalent EIV live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). We combined our previously described clade 1 EIV LAIV A/equine/Ohio/2003 H3N8 (Ohio/03 LAIV) with a newly generated clade 2 EIV LAIV that contains the six internal genes of Ohio/03 LAIV and the HA and NA of A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 H3N8 (Rich/07 LAIV). The safety profile, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy of this bivalent EIV LAIV was tested in the natural host, horses. Vaccination of horses with the bivalent EIV LAIV, following a prime-boost regimen, was safe and able to confer protection against challenge with clade 1 (A/equine/Kentucky/2014 H3N8) and clade 2 (A/equine/Richmond/2007) wild-type (WT) EIVs, as evidenced by a reduction of clinical signs, fever, and virus excretion. This is the first description of a bivalent LAIV for the prevention of EIV in horses that follows OIE recommendations. In addition, since our bivalent EIV LAIV is based on the use of reverse genetics approaches, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using the backbone of clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) for the production and rapid update of LAIVs for the control and protection against other EIV strains of epidemiological relevance to horses.
| Item Type: | Articles |
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| Additional Information: | This research was partially funded by the University of Rochester Technology Development Funding to L.M.-S. and T.M.C., P.R.M. was funded by the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom (Grant MC_UU_120/14/9). T.M.C. and S.R. were supported by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (Project no. KY014053) and by a pilot study funding from the College of Agriculture, Food, and the Environment at University of Kentucky. F.S.O. was supported by a Young Investigator Award from the American Quarter Horse Foundation, and by the Geoffrey C. Hughes Foundation. |
| Keywords: | Wquine influenza virus, live-attenuated influenza vaccine, master donor virus, reverse genetics techniques, recombinant virus. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Murcia, Professor Pablo |
| Creator Roles: | |
| Authors: | Blanco-Lobo, P., Rodriguez, L., Reedy, S., Oladunni, F. S., Nogales, A., Murcia, P. R., Chambers, T. M., and Martinez-Sobrido, L. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | Viruses |
| Publisher: | MDPI |
| ISSN: | 1999-4915 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1999-4915 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2019 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Viruses 11(10):e933 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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