Suárez, N. M., Musonda, K. G., Escriva, E., Njenga, M., Agbueze, A., Camiolo, S. , Davison, A. J. and Gompels, U. A. (2019) Multiple-strain infections of human cytomegalovirus with high genomic diversity are common in breast milk from human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Zambia. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 220(5), pp. 792-801. (doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz209) (PMID:31050737) (PMCID:PMC6667993)
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Abstract
Background: In developed countries, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in congenitally infected and immunocompromised individuals, where multiple-strain infection appears linked to disease severity. The situation is less documented in developing countries. In Zambia, breast milk is a key route for transmitting HCMV and carries higher viral loads in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected women. We investigated HCMV strain diversity. Methods: High-throughput sequence datasets were generated from 28 HCMV-positive breast milk samples donated by 22 mothers (15 HIV-infected and 7 HIV-negative) at 4–16 weeks postpartum, then analyzed by genome assembly and novel motif-based genotyping in 12 hypervariable HCMV genes. Results: Among the 20 samples from 14 donors (13 HIV-infected and one HIV-negative) who yielded data meeting quality thresholds, 89 of the possible 109 genotypes were detected, and multiple-strain infections involving up to 5 strains per person were apparent in 9 HIV-infected women. Strain diversity was extensive among individuals but conserved compartmentally and longitudinally within them. Genotypic linkage was maintained within hypervariable UL73/UL74 and RL12/RL13/UL1 loci for virus entry and immunomodulation, but not between genes more distant from each other. Conclusions: Breast milk from HIV-infected women contains multiple HCMV strains of high genotypic complexity and thus constitutes a major source for transmitting viral diversity.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Davison, Professor Andrew and Suarez, Dr Nicolas and Camiolo, Dr Salvatore |
| Authors: | Suárez, N. M., Musonda, K. G., Escriva, E., Njenga, M., Agbueze, A., Camiolo, S., Davison, A. J., and Gompels, U. A. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
| ISSN: | 0022-1899 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1537-6613 |
| Published Online: | 03 May 2019 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2019 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Journal of Infectious Diseases 220(5):792-801 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons license |
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