Changes in laboratory markers of thrombotic risk early in the first trimester of pregnancy may be linked to an increase in estradiol and progesterone

Bagot, C.N., Leishman, E., Onyiaodike, C.C., Jordan, F., Gibson, V.B. and Freeman, D.J. (2019) Changes in laboratory markers of thrombotic risk early in the first trimester of pregnancy may be linked to an increase in estradiol and progesterone. Thrombosis Research, 178, pp. 47-53. (doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.03.015) (PMID:30965151)

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Abstract

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of venous thrombosis compared to non-pregnant women. Epidemiological and laboratory data suggest that hypercoagulability begins in the first trimester but it is unknown exactly how early in pregnancy this develops. The mechanisms that result in a prothrombotic state may involve oestrogens and progestogens. Methods: Plasma samples were taken prior to conception and five times in early pregnancy, up to Day 59 gestation, from 22 women undergoing natural cycle in vitro fertilization, who subsequently gave birth at term following a normal pregnancy. Thrombin generation, free Protein S, Ddimer, Fibrinogen, factor VIII, estradiol and progesterone were measured. To counter inter-individual variability, the change in laboratory measurements between the pre-pregnant and pregnant state were measured over time. Results: Peak thrombin, Endogenous Thrombin Potential, Velocity Index and fibrinogen significantly increased, and free Protein S significantly decreased, from pre-pregnancy levels, by 32 days gestation. Ddimer and VIII significantly increased from pre-pregnancy levels by 59 days gestation. Estradiol significantly increased by Day 32 gestation with a non-significant increase of 67% by Day 24 gestation. Progesterone significantly increased by Day 32 gestation. Almost all laboratory markers of thrombosis correlated significantly with estradiol and progesterone. Conclusion: Our work is the first to demonstrate that the prothrombotic state develops very early in the first trimester. Laboratory markers of hypercoagulability correlate significantly with estradiol and progesterone suggesting these are linked to the prothrombotic state of pregnancy. Clinicians should consider commencing thromboprophylaxis early in the first trimester in women at high thrombotic risk.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:We acknowledge the generous support of The Wellbeing of Women/Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research Grant (RG/939/07).
Keywords:Estradiol, pregnancy, progesterone, thrombin, thrombosis.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Freeman, Dr Dilys and Jordan, Mrs Fiona and Bagot, Dr Catherine
Authors: Bagot, C.N., Leishman, E., Onyiaodike, C.C., Jordan, F., Gibson, V.B., and Freeman, D.J.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
Journal Name:Thrombosis Research
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0049-3848
ISSN (Online):1879-2472
Published Online:25 March 2019
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
First Published:First published in Thrombosis Research 178:47-53
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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