Paleolithic artifact deposits at Wadi Dabsa, Saudi Arabia: a multiscalar geoarchaeological approach to building an interpretative framework

Inglis, R. H., Fanning, P. C., Stone, A., Barfod, D. N. , Sinclair, A., Chang, H.-C., Alsharekh, A. M. and Bailey, G. (2019) Paleolithic artifact deposits at Wadi Dabsa, Saudi Arabia: a multiscalar geoarchaeological approach to building an interpretative framework. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 34(3), pp. 272-294. (doi: 10.1002/gea.21723)

Abstract

Surface artifacts dominate the archaeological record of arid landscapes, particularly the Saharo‐Arabian belt, a pivotal region in dispersals out of Africa. Discarded by hominins, these artifacts are key to understanding past landscape use and dispersals, yet behavioral interpretation of present‐day artifact distributions cannot be carried out without understanding how geomorphological processes have controlled, and continue to control, artifact preservation, exposure and visibility at multiple scales. We employ a geoarchaeological approach to unraveling the formation of a surface assemblage of 2,970 Palaeolithic and later lithic artifacts at Wadi Dabsa, Saudi Arabia, the richest locality recorded to date in the southwestern Red Sea coastal region. Wadi Dabsa basin, within the volcanic Harrat Al Birk, contains extensive tufa deposits formed during wetter conditions. We employ regional landscape mapping and automatic classification of surface conditions using satellite imagery, field observations, local landform mapping, archaeological survey, excavation, and sedimentological analyses to develop a multiscalar model of landscape evolution and geomorphological controls acting on artifact distributions in the basin. The main artifact assemblage is identified as a palimpsest of activity, actively forming on a deflating surface, a model with significant implications for future study and interpretation of this, and other, surface artifact assemblages.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: Work at Wadi Dabsa was carried out by the SURFACE project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie (Grant No. 660343), “Human‐Landscape‐Interactions and Global Dispersals: The SURFACE Record of Paleolithic Arabia” and builds on survey by the DISPERSE project, funded by European Research Council (Advanced Grant No. 269586), under the “Ideas” Specific Program of FP7. For generous funding for the fieldwork we thank: The Gerald Averay Wainwright Fund for Near Eastern Archaeology at the University of Oxford (2015, 2017); the British Academy, Albert Reckitt Fund (2017); the British Foundation for the Study of Arabia (2017); and the Department of Archaeology Research Fund, University of York (2015).
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Barfod, Dr Dan
• Authors: Inglis, R. H., Fanning, P. C., Stone, A., Barfod, D. N., Sinclair, A., Chang, H.-C., Alsharekh, A. M., and Bailey, G.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre
• Journal Name: Geoarchaeology: An International Journal
• Publisher: Wiley
• ISSN: 0883-6353
• ISSN (Online): 1520-6548
• Published Online: 28 January 2019