Steiner, S. et al. (2019) Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language. Science, 363(6423), eaav2211. (doi: 10.1126/science.aav2211) (PMID:30498165)
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174440.pdf - Accepted Version 2MB |
Abstract
The synthesis of complex organic compounds is largely a manual process that is often incompletely documented. To address these shortcomings, we developed an abstraction that maps commonly reported methodological instructions into discrete steps amenable to automation. These unit operations were implemented in a modular robotic platform using a chemical programming language which formalizes and controls the assembly of the molecules. We validated the concept by directing the automated system to synthesize three pharmaceutical compounds, Nytol, rufinamide, and sildenafil, without any human intervention. Yields and purities of products and intermediates were comparable to or better than those achieved manually. The syntheses are captured as digital code that can be published, versioned, and transferred flexibly between platforms with no modification, thereby greatly enhancing reproducibility and reliable access to complex molecules.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Keenan, Mr Graham and Kitson, Dr Philip and Hinkley, Dr Trevor and Glatzel, Dr Stefan and Angelone, Dr Davide and Steiner, Mr Sebastian and Andreou, Dr Anna and Granda, Dr Jaroslaw and Aragon Camarasa, Dr Gerardo and Cronin, Professor Lee and Wolf, Mr Jakob |
| Authors: | Steiner, S., Wolf, J., Glatzel, S., Andreou, A., Granda, J. M., Keenan, G., Hinkley, T., Aragon-Camarasa, G., Kitson, P. J., Angelone, D., and Cronin, L. |
| College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Chemistry |
| Journal Name: | Science |
| Publisher: | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| ISSN: | 0036-8075 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1095-9203 |
| Published Online: | 29 November 2018 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2018 American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| First Published: | First published in Science 363:eaav2211 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy |
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