The peristomial plates of ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) highlight an incongruence between morphology and proposed phylogenies

Wilkie, I. C. and Brogger, M. I. (2018) The peristomial plates of ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) highlight an incongruence between morphology and proposed phylogenies. PLoS ONE, 13(8), e0202046. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202046) (PMID:30092013) (PMCID:PMC6084971)

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Abstract

The peristomial plates are skeletal components of the interbrachial frame (or mouth frame), which is located below the true mouth of ophiuroids. Whilst the peristomial plates were extensively described and used as diagnostic characters by some early workers, for the past 100 years they have been largely neglected as a taxonomic resource. In this investigation the peristomial plates of 48 species representing 21 families were examined directly, and information on a further 61 species, including representatives of another eight families, was obtained from the published literature. Observations were made with regard to fragmentation state, relative size and orientation of the peristomial plates. Although fragmentation state showed little consistency at any taxonomic level, relative size and orientation segregated a group of families comprising species with relatively small, inclined peristomial plates, viz. Ophiotrichidae, Ophiopholidae, Ophiactidae, Amphiuridae and Ophiocomidae, together with a single hemieuryalid species–Ophioplocus januarii. The distribution of peristomial plate traits was strongly correlated with that of several other character states pertaining to the interbrachial frame. This supported the proposition that two major types of interbrachial frame are present in ophiuroids (designated ‘A’ and ‘B’). Current phylogenies inferred from both morphological and molecular data imply that type B is derived and has evolved independently at least twice in the orders Amphilepidida and Ophiacanthida. This represents a remarkable example of evolutionary convergence. An analysis of the distribution of all interbrachial frame character states suggested that within the Amphilepidida paedomorphosis was probably responsible for the complete reversion of the interbrachial frame to the ancestral type A condition in two families (Ophiothamnidae and Amphilepididae) of suborder Gnathophiurina and possibly responsible for varying degrees of trait reversal in the four families of suborder Ophionereidina. Such paedomorphic events may have been associated with a secondary return to the deep-sea from shallow-sea environments.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:MIB's contribution to this investigation was partly funded by the ANPCyT-MINCYT through projects PICT 2013-2504 and PICT 2015-0428.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Wilkie, Dr Iain
Creator Roles:
Wilkie, I. C.Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing
Authors: Wilkie, I. C., and Brogger, M. I.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
Journal Name:PLoS ONE
Publisher:Public Library of Science
ISSN:1932-6203
ISSN (Online):1932-6203
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2018 Wilkie, Brogger
First Published:First published in PLoS ONE 13(8): e0202046
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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