Iron deficiency in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and its association with reduced exercise capacity, muscle strength and quality of life

Bekfani, T. et al. (2019) Iron deficiency in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and its association with reduced exercise capacity, muscle strength and quality of life. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 108(2), pp. 203-211. (doi: 10.1007/s00392-018-1344-x) (PMID:30051186)

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Abstract

Background: The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in outpatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and its relation to exercise capacity and quality of life (QoL) is unknown. Methods: 190 symptomatic outpatients with HFpEF (LVEF 58 ± 7%; age 71 ± 9 years; NYHA 2.4 ± 0.5; BMI 31 ± 6 kg/m2) were enrolled as part of SICA-HF in Germany, England and Slovenia. ID was defined as ferritin < 100 or 100–299 µg/L with transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20%. Anemia was defined as Hb < 13 g/dL in men, < 12 g/dL in women. Low ferritin-ID was defined as ferritin < 100 µg/L. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to E/e′ at echocardiography: E/e′ ≤ 8; E/e′ 9–14; E/e′ ≥ 15. All patients underwent echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX), 6-min walk test (6-MWT), and QoL assessment using the EQ5D questionnaire. Results: Overall, 111 patients (58.4%) showed ID with 89 having low ferritin-ID (46.84%). 78 (41.1%) patients had isolated ID without anemia and 54 patients showed anemia (28.4%). ID was more prevalent in patients with more severe diastolic dysfunction: E/e′ ≤ 8: 44.8% vs. E/e′: 9–14: 53.2% vs. E/e′ ≥ 15: 86.5% (p = 0.0004). Patients with ID performed worse during the 6MWT (420 ± 137 vs. 344 ± 124 m; p = 0.008) and had worse exercise time in CPX (645 ± 168 vs. 538 ± 178 s, p = 0.03). Patients with low ferritin-ID had lower QoL compared to those without ID (p = 0.03). Conclusion: ID is a frequent co-morbidity in HFpEF and is associated with reduced exercise capacity and QoL. Its prevalence increases with increasing severity of diastolic dysfunction.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:The study was funded by the European Commission’s 7th Framework program (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement number 241558 (clinical.trial.gov).
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Cleland, Professor John and Pellicori, Dr Pierpaolo
Authors: Bekfani, T., Pellicori, P., Morris, D., Ebner, N., Valentova, M., Sandek, A., Doehner, W., Cleland, J. G., Lainscak, M., Schulze, P. C., Anker, S. D., and von Haehling, S.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Robertson Centre
Journal Name:Clinical Research in Cardiology
Publisher:Springer
ISSN:1861-0684
ISSN (Online):1861-0692
Published Online:26 July 2018
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
First Published:First published in Clinical Research in Cardiology 108(2): 203-211
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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