Phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in early drug naïve rheumatoid arthritis

Cooles, F. A.H., Anderson, A. E., Skelton, A., Pratt, A. G., Kurowska-Stolarska, M. S. , McInnes, I. , Hilkens, C. M.U. and Isaacs, J. D. (2018) Phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells in early drug naïve rheumatoid arthritis. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 755. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00755) (PMID:29867920) (PMCID:PMC5968398)

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Abstract

Objective: Dendritic cells (DCs) are key orchestrators of immune function. To date, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) researchers have predominantly focused on a potential pathogenic role for CD1c+ DCs. In contrast, CD141+ DCs and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have not been systematically examined, at least in early RA. In established RA, the role of pDCs is ambiguous and, since disease duration and treatment both impact RA pathophysiology, we examined pDCs, and CD1c+ and CD141+ conventional DCs (cDCs), in early, drug-naïve RA (eRA) patients. Methods: We analyzed the frequency and phenotype of pDCs, CD1c+, and CD141+ DCs from eRA patients and compared findings with healthy controls. In parallel, we performed transcriptional analysis of >600 immunology-related genes (Nanostring) from peripheral blood pDCs, CD1c+ DCs, B cells, T cells, and monocytes. Results: All DC subsets were reduced in eRA (n = 44) compared with healthy controls (n = 30) and, for pDCs, this was most marked in seropositive patients. CD141+ and CD1c+ DCs, but not pDCs, had a comparatively activated phenotype at baseline (increased CD86) and CD1c+ DC frequency inversely associated with disease activity. All DC frequencies remained static 12 months after initiation of immunomodulatory therapy despite a fall in activation markers (e.g., HLA-DR, CD40). There was no association between the whole blood interferon gene signature (IGS) and pDC or CD1c+ DC parameters but an inverse association between CD141+ DC frequency and IGS was noted. Furthermore, IFN-I and IFN-III mRNA transcripts were comparable between eRA pDC and other leukocyte subsets (B cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and monocytes) with no obvious circulating cellular source of IFN-I or IFN-III. Transcriptomic analysis suggested increased pDC and CD1c+ DC proliferation in eRA; pDC differentially expressed genes also suggested enhanced tolerogenic function, whereas for CD1c+ DCs, pro-inflammatory transcripts were upregulated. Discussion: This is the first detailed examination of DC subsets in eRA peripheral blood. Compared with CD1c+ DCs, pDCs are less activated and may be skewed toward tolerogenic functions. CD141+ DCs may be implicated in RA pathophysiology. Our findings justify further investigation of early RA DC biology.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:This work was funded by the Medical Research Council MR/ M003183/1 and JGW Patterson Foundation. We would like to acknowledge the Flow Cytometry Core Facility at Newcastle University. Research was performed at the Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Center of Excellence— RACE—which is funded by Arthritis Research UK through grant number 20298.
Keywords:Conventional dendritic cells, early rheumatoid arthritis, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, rheumatoid arthritis, tolerance.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:McInnes, Professor Iain and Isaacs, Professor John and Kurowska-Stolarska, Professor Mariola and Hilkens, Dr Catharien
Authors: Cooles, F. A.H., Anderson, A. E., Skelton, A., Pratt, A. G., Kurowska-Stolarska, M. S., McInnes, I., Hilkens, C. M.U., and Isaacs, J. D.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity
Journal Name:Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher:Frontiers Media
ISSN:1664-3224
ISSN (Online):1664-3224
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2018 Cooles, Anderson, Skelton, Pratt, Kurowska-Stolarska, McInnes, Hilkens and Isaacs
First Published:First published in Frontiers in Immunology 9:755
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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