Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Lowery, C. M. et al. (2018) Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Nature, 558, pp. 288-291. (doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0163-6) (PMID:29849143)

Abstract

The Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction eradicated 76% of species on Earth . It was caused by the impact of an asteroid on the Yucatán carbonate platform in the southern Gulf of Mexico 66 million years ago , forming the Chicxulub impact crater . After the mass extinction, the recovery of the global marine ecosystem-measured as primary productivity-was geographically heterogeneous ; export production in the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic-western Tethys was slower than in most other regions , taking 300 thousand years (kyr) to return to levels similar to those of the Late Cretaceous period. Delayed recovery of marine productivity closer to the crater implies an impact-related environmental control, such as toxic metal poisoning , on recovery times. If no such geographic pattern exists, the best explanation for the observed heterogeneity is a combination of ecological factors-trophic interactions , species incumbency and competitive exclusion by opportunists -and 'chance' . The question of whether the post-impact recovery of marine productivity was delayed closer to the crater has a bearing on the predictability of future patterns of recovery in anthropogenically perturbed ecosystems. If there is a relationship between the distance from the impact and the recovery of marine productivity, we would expect recovery rates to be slowest in the crater itself. Here we present a record of foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, trace fossils and elemental abundance data from within the Chicxulub crater, dated to approximately the first 200 kyr of the Palaeocene. We show that life reappeared in the basin just years after the impact and a high-productivity ecosystem was established within 30 kyr, which indicates that proximity to the impact did not delay recovery and that there was therefore no impact-related environmental control on recovery. Ecological processes probably controlled the recovery of productivity after the Cretaceous/Palaeogene mass extinction and are therefore likely to be important for the response of the ocean ecosystem to other rapid extinction events.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: The authors acknowledge Post-Expedition Awards from the US Science Support Program for C.M.L. and T.J.B., NSF OCE 1737351, and NASA NNX16AJ60G. Funding for F.J.R.-T. was provided by Project CGL2015-66835-P (Secretaría de Estado de I+D+I, Spain), and Scientific Excellence Unit UCE-2016-05 (Universidad de Granada).
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Pickersgill, Dr Annemarie
• Authors: Lowery, C. M., Bralower, T. J., Owens, J. D., Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J., Jones, H., Smit, J., Whalen, M. T., Claeys, P., Farley, K., Gulick, S. P.S., Morgan, J. V., Green, S., Chenot, E., Christeson, G. L., Cockell, C. S., Coolen, M. J.L., Ferrière, L., Gebhardt, C., Goto, K., Kring, D. A., Lofi, J., Ocampo-Torres, R., Perez-Cruz, L., Pickersgill, A. E., Poelchau, M. H., Rae, A. S.P., Rasmussen, C., Rebolledo-Vieyra, M., Riller, U., Sato, H., Tikoo, S. M., Tomioka, N., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Vellekoop, J., Wittmann, A., Xiao, L., Yamaguchi, K. E., and Zylberman, W.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Geographical and Earth Sciences
• Journal Name: Nature
• Publisher: Nature Publications Group
• ISSN: 0028-0836
• ISSN (Online): 1476-4687
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
• First Published: First published in Nature 558:288-291
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher