Loperena, R. et al. (2018) Hypertension and increased endothelial mechanical stretch promote monocyte differentiation and activation: roles of STAT3, interleukin 6 and hydrogen peroxide. Cardiovascular Research, 114(11), pp. 1547-1563. (doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvy112) (PMID:29800237) (PMCID:PMC6106108)
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Abstract
Aims: Monocytes play an important role in hypertension. Circulating monocytes in humans exist as classical, intermediate and non-classical forms. Monocyte differentiation can be influenced by the endothelium, which in turn is activated in hypertension by mechanical stretch. We sought to examine the role of increased endothelial stretch and hypertension on monocyte phenotype and function. Methods and Results: Human monocytes were cultured with confluent human aortic endothelial cells undergoing either 5% or 10% cyclical stretch. We also characterized circulating monocytes in normotensive and hypertensive humans. In addition, we quantified accumulation of activated monocytes and monocyte-derived cells in aortas and kidneys of mice with Angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Increased endothelial stretch enhanced monocyte conversion to CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes and monocytes bearing the CD209 marker and markedly stimulated monocyte mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-23, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 and tumor necrosis factor α. STAT3 in monocytes was activated by increased endothelial stretch. Inhibition of STAT3, neutralization of IL-6 and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide prevented formation of intermediate monocytes in response to increased endothelial stretch. We also found evidence that nitric oxide inhibits formation of intermediate monocytes and STAT3 activation. In vivo studies demonstrated that humans with hypertension have increased intermediate and non-classical monocytes and that intermediate monocytes demonstrate evidence of STAT3 activation. Mice with experimental hypertension exhibit increased aortic and renal infiltration of monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages with activated STAT3. Conclusions: These findings provide insight into how monocytes are activated by the vascular endothelium during hypertension. This is likely in part due to a loss of nitric oxide signaling and increased release of IL-6 and hydrogen peroxide by the dysfunctional endothelium and a parallel increase in STAT activation in adjacent monocytes. Interventions to enhance bioavailable nitric oxide, reduce IL-6 or hydrogen peroxide production or to inhibit STAT3 may have anti-inflammatory roles in hypertension and related conditions.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Maffia, Professor Pasquale and Mikolajczyk, Dr Tomasz and Guzik, Professor Tomasz and Noonan, Dr Jonathan and Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Dr Marta and Harrison, Professor David |
| Authors: | Loperena, R., Van Beusecum, J. P., Itani, H. A., Engel, N., Laroumanie, F., Xiao, L., Elijovich, F., Laffer, C. L., Gnecco, J. S., Noonan, J., Maffia, P., Jasiewicz-Honkisz, B., Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, M., Mikolajczyk, T., Sliwa, T., Dikalov, S., Weyand, C., Guzik, T. J., and Harrison, D. G. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing > Dental School |
| Journal Name: | Cardiovascular Research |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
| ISSN: | 0008-6363 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1755-3245 |
| Published Online: | 23 May 2018 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2018 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Cardiovascular Research 114(11): 1547-1563 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy |
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