Manipulation of contact network structure and the impact on foot-and-mouth disease transmission

Mohr, S. , Deason, M., Churakov, M., Doherty, T. and Kao, R. R. (2018) Manipulation of contact network structure and the impact on foot-and-mouth disease transmission. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 157, pp. 8-18. (doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.05.006)

Abstract

As evidenced by the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in the UK, this can involve transmission over large geographical distances and can result in major economic loss. One consequence of the FMD epidemic was the introduction of mandatory livestock movement restrictions: a 13-day standstill in Scotland for cattle and sheep after moving livestock onto a farm (allowing many exemptions) and a 6-day standstill for cattle and sheep in England and Wales (with minor exemptions, e.g. direct movements to slaughter). Such standstills are known to be effective but commercial considerations result in pressures to relax them. When contemplating legislative changes such as a change in length of movement restrictions we need to consider the consequent effect these could have on the emergent properties of the system, i.e. the network structure itself. In this study, we investigate how disease dynamics change when the local contact structure of the recorded livestock movement network in Scotland is altered through rewiring movements between premises. The network rewiring used here changes the structure of the recorded trade network through a combination of altered movement restrictions and redirection of movements between holdings and markets to avoid nonsensical activity (e.g. movements to markets on days when they are inactive) while conserving other characteristics (e.g. movement date as closely as possible and market sales of the correct animal production type). Rewiring results in networks with higher clustering coefficients and lower network density. The impact of rewiring on a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Scotland was assessed by stochastic simulation, considering scenarios with and without exemptions to the standstill rules. As expected, rewiring leads to a decrease in outbreak size and - if standstill exemptions are prohibited – higher probability of smaller outbreaks. Without exemptions, a shorter movement standstill is almost as effective as a longer standstill period, indicating that a simpler biosecurity system would offer minimal additional risk for FMD. These results suggest that explicitly manipulating the contact network structure in a sensible way has the potential to significantly impact disease control.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This work was funded by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division, as part of the Centre of Expertise on Animal Disease Outbreaks (EPIC).
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Mohr, Dr Sibylle and Kao, Professor Rowland and Deason, Dr Michael and Doherty, Mr Thomas and Churakov, Mr Mikhail
• Authors: Mohr, S., Deason, M., Churakov, M., Doherty, T., and Kao, R. R.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Physics and Astronomy; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
• Journal Name: Preventive Veterinary Medicine
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0167-5877
• ISSN (Online): 1873-1716
• Published Online: 04 May 2018
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2018 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine 157: 8-18
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License