Betel quid dependency and associated intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors among adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional survey

Hussain, A., Zaheer, S. and Shafique, K. (2018) Betel quid dependency and associated intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors among adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional survey. Substance Use and Misuse, 53(12), pp. 1958-1964. (doi: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1447964) (PMID:29533120)

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Abstract

Background: Betel quid (BQ) is one of the fourth most commonly used substance globally. Though BQ is a psycho-active substance, yet little has been explored regarding dependency on it particularly among adolescents. Objectives: Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine adolescents' dependency on BQ, along with their intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental determinants of dependency. Methods: This cross-sectional study focused on 2200 school-going adolescents of Karachi, Pakistan in 2016. Primary outcome was dependency on BQ among adolescents. Both univariate and multivariate regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (after adjustments for all intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors) with 95% confidence level. Results: Out of 2200 students, 874 (39.7%) were found to be BQ users amongst whom 69 (7.9%) were dependent on BQ. Comparing the groups with only areca nut users as reference category, betel quid with tobacco additives chewers were considerably dependent (OR = 14.08, 95% CI 3.64–54.16). The individuals who chewed >5 chews per day (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.08–3.29) and chronic users (>1year) (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.09–3.74) were more likely to be dependent. Older students (>12 years) (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.06–4.23), and who studied in government schools were significantly dependent (OR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.80–6.10) than those who studied in private schools. Conclusions: In conclusion, intrapersonal characteristics like more than 5 chews per day, chronic chewers of more than a year, BQ with tobacco chewers, older adolescents and children studying in government schools were significantly associated with BQ dependency.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Shafique, Dr Kashif
Authors: Hussain, A., Zaheer, S., and Shafique, K.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Public Health
Journal Name:Substance Use and Misuse
Publisher:Taylor & Francis
ISSN:1082-6084
ISSN (Online):1532-2491
Published Online:13 March 2018
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2018 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
First Published:First published in Substance Use and Misuse 53(12): 1958-1964
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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