Does grade retention affect students’ achievement? Some evidence from Spain

García-Pérez, J. I., Hidalgo-Hidalgo, M. and Robles-Zurita, J. A. (2014) Does grade retention affect students’ achievement? Some evidence from Spain. Applied Economics, 46(12), pp. 1373-1392. (doi: 10.1080/00036846.2013.872761)

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Abstract

Grade retention practices are at the forefront of the educational debate. In this article, we measure the effect of grade retention on Spanish students’ achievement by using data from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We find that grade retention has a negative impact on educational outcomes, but we confirm the importance of endogenous selection which makes observed differences between repeaters and nonrepeaters appear about 14% lower than they actually are. The effect on scores of repeating is much smaller (–10% of nonrepeaters’ average) than the counterfactual reduction that nonrepeaters would suffer had they been retained as repeaters (–24% of their average). Furthermore, those who repeated a grade during primary education suffered more than those who repeated a grade in secondary school, although the effect of repeating at both times is, as expected, larger.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Robles-Zurita, Dr José
Authors: García-Pérez, J. I., Hidalgo-Hidalgo, M., and Robles-Zurita, J. A.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment
Journal Name:Applied Economics
Publisher:Taylor and Francis
ISSN:0003-6846
ISSN (Online):1466-4283
Published Online:11 February 2014

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