Marston, D. A. et al. (2017) Genetic analysis of a rabies virus host shift event reveals within-host viral dynamics in a new host. Virus Evolution, 3(2), vex038. (doi: 10.1093/ve/vex038) (PMID:29255631) (PMCID:PMC5729694)
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Abstract
Host shift events play an important role in epizootics as adaptation to new hosts can profoundly affect the spread of the disease and the measures needed to control it. During the late 1990s, an epizootic in Turkey resulted in a sustained maintenance of rabies virus (RABV) within the fox population. We used Bayesian inferences to investigate whole genome sequences from fox and dog brain tissues from Turkey to demonstrate that the epizootic occurred in 1997 (±1 year). Furthermore, these data indicated that the epizootic was most likely due to a host shift from locally infected domestic dogs, rather than an incursion of a novel fox or dog RABV. No evidence was observed for genetic adaptation to foxes at consensus sequence level and dN/dS analysis suggested purifying selection. Therefore, the deep sequence data were analysed to investigate the sub-viral population during a host shift event. Viral heterogeneity was measured in all RABV samples; viruses from the early period after the host shift exhibited greater sequence variation in comparison to those from the later stage, and to those not involved in the host shift event, possibly indicating a role in establishing transmission within a new host. The transient increase in variation observed in the new host species may represent virus replication within a new environment, perhaps due to increased replication within the CNS, resulting in a larger population of viruses, or due to the lack of host constraints present in the new host reservoir.
| Item Type: | Articles |
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| Additional Information: | This work was supported by an initiative of an OIE funded laboratory twinning project on rabies between the FLI and the Etlik Veterinary Control and Research Institute Ankara (File Ref: GKB/KH/2009/22) and was financially supported by the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Scottish Government, and Welsh Government by grants (SE0427, SE0431); the European Union H2020-funded Research Infrastructure Grant ‘European Virus Archive Global (EVAg)’ [H2020—grant agreement n�653316] and by an intramural collaborative research grant from the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Orton, Dr Richard |
| Authors: | Marston, D. A., Horton, D. L., Nunez, J., Ellis, R. J., Orton, R. J., Johnson, N., Banyard, A. C., McElhinney, L. M., Freuling, C. M., Firat, M., Ünal, N., Müller, T., de Lamballerie, X. d., and Fooks, A. R. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | Virus Evolution |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
| ISSN: | 2057-1577 |
| ISSN (Online): | 2057-1577 |
| Published Online: | 13 December 2017 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2017 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Virus Evolution 3(2): vex038 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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