S-nitrosylation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase regulates enzyme activity: further interactions between nitric oxide synthase and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase

Leiper, J. , Murray-Rust, J., McDonald, N. and Vallance, P. (2002) S-nitrosylation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase regulates enzyme activity: further interactions between nitric oxide synthase and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(21), pp. 13527-13532. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.212269799) (PMID:12370443) (PMCID:PMC129707)

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Abstract

The enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) hydrolyses asymmetrically methylated arginine residues that are endogenously produced inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases (NOS). We and others have proposed that DDAH activity is a key determinant of intracellular methylarginine concentrations and that factors that regulate the activity of DDAH may modulate nitric oxide (NO) production in vivo. We recently solved the crystal structure of a bacterial DDAH and identified a Cys-His-Glu catalytic triad [Murray-Rust, J., Leiper, J. M., McAlister, M., Phelan, J., Tilley, S., Santa Maria, J., Vallance, P. < McDonald, N. (2001) Nat. Struct. Biol. 8, 679–683]. The presence of a reactive cysteine residue (Cys-249) in the active site of DDAH raised the possibility that DDAH activity might be directly regulated by S-nitrosylation of this residue by NO. In the present study, we demonstrate that recombinant DDAH is reversibly inhibited after incubation with NO donors in vitro. Similarly mammalian DDAH in cytosolic extracts is also reversibly inhibited by NO donors. In cultured endothelial cells, heterologously expressed human DDAH II was S-nitrosylated after cytokine induced expression of the inducible NOS isoforms. The implication of these findings is that under certain conditions when NO generation increases, S-nitrosylation diminishes DDAH activity and this would be expected to lead to accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine and inhibition of NOS. This observation may help explain why expression of iNOS often leads to inhibition of activity of constitutively expressed NOS isozymes. We also identify Cys-His-Glu as a nitrosylation motif that is conserved in a family of arginine handling enzymes.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Leiper, Professor James
Authors: Leiper, J., Murray-Rust, J., McDonald, N., and Vallance, P.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
Journal Name:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Publisher:National Academy of Sciences
ISSN:0027-8424
ISSN (Online):1091-6490

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