Acute phase proteins and stress markers in the immediate response to a combined vaccination against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in specific pathogen free (SPF) layer chicks

Kaab, H., Bain, M. M. and Eckersall, P. D. (2018) Acute phase proteins and stress markers in the immediate response to a combined vaccination against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in specific pathogen free (SPF) layer chicks. Poultry Science, 97(2), pp. 463-469. (doi: 10.3382/ps/pex340) (PMID:29182756)

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Abstract

Vaccination is an important tool in poultry health, but is itself a stressor often resulting in a reduction in feed intake, body weight gain, and nutrient digestibility. In other species, vaccination is associated with an immediate acute-phase response. As an important immune parameter, the circulating heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio is a well-recognized parameter of stress in poultry. In this study, the effects of a routinely used commercial poultry vaccine on the acute phase response (APR) and H/L ratios in specific pathogen-free (SPF) layer chicks was examined to determine if post vaccination (PV) stress and an APR occur. A combined Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis vaccine (Nobalis Ma5+Clone 30) was administered to SPF chicks by the intraocular route at age 7 d. Acute phase proteins (APP), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays at d 0 (pre-vaccination) and d 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 21 PV. Stress was determined in the chicks by measurement of the H/L ratio. The immune response to the vaccine was estimated by measurement of the antibody (IgY) response to the vaccine at d 21. The antibody titer was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the vaccinated group at 21 d PV, confirming stimulation of the immune system. The H/L ratio was also significantly higher in the vaccinated group at 1 to 2 d (P < 0.01) and at 3 d (P < 0.05) PV. The concentration of SAA increased by 2.8-fold, from 63.7 μg/mL in controls to 181 μg/mL in the vaccinated group, (P < 0.05) at 1 d PV. AGP increased 1.6-fold at 2 d PV, (from 0.75 g/mL in the control group to 1.24 g/mL in the vaccinated group, P < 0.05). In conclusion an immediate but mild APR occurred in the chicks following intraocular vaccination, whereas the stress response as measured by H/L ratio seemed to be more specific and sensitive. Measurement of these biomarkers of the host response could be a tool in vaccine development.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Eckersall, Professor David and Bain, Professor Maureen and KAAB, Haider
Authors: Kaab, H., Bain, M. M., and Eckersall, P. D.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
Journal Name:Poultry Science
Publisher:Oxford University Press
ISSN:0032-5791
ISSN (Online):1525-3171
Published Online:22 November 2017
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.
First Published:First published in Poultry Science 97(2):463-469
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher

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